2021新高考衡水一中外刊作文素材阅读讲义资料汇总

2021年河北衡水高中英语新高考外刊作文素材阅读讲义（005）

Science and technology: Space exploration: Dusting yourself down

科技：空间探索：拂去尘埃

A new space suit could resist the damaging effects of sharp lunar dust.

一款新型的宇航服能够抵抗尖利的月尘带来的破坏性影响。

"Picking up some dust." So said Buzz Aldrin on July 20th 1969, as he and Neil Armstrong descended towards the lunar surface.

1969年7月20日，Buzz Aldrin与Armstrong降落在月球表面，Aldrin对Armstrong说："收集一些尘土。"

It is not the most famous quote from that day.

这句话并不是那天他们说的最有名的话。

dust sth down 拂去...的灰尘

But the lunar dust kicked up by Aldrin's and Armstrong's descending spacecraft would go on to become a serious, if under-appreciated, problem for all of the Apollo astronauts.

不过，Aldrin和Amrstrong驾驶的宇宙飞船着陆时扬起的月尘如果没有得到恰当的处理，会变成对所有阿波罗计划宇航员来说很严重的问题。

Lunar dust consists of rock pulverised to the consistency of talcum powder by micrometeoroid impacts.

月尘是由受流星体撞击影响而变成了滑石粉块的岩石组成的。

The fragments are sharp, and because there is no weather on the Moon, and therefore no erosion, they stay that way.

这些碎片十分锋利，并且因为月球上没有天气之说，没有腐蚀现象，故而它们会一直保持着自己的棱角。

kick up

踢起，扬起(灰尘等)：

The passing car kicked up clouds of dust.

开过去的那辆车扬起滚滚尘埃。

underappreciated

[,ʌndərə'pri:ʃieitid]

adj. 未受到充分赏识的；未得到正确评价的

pulverized

['pʌlvə,raɪz]

adj. 粉状的；成粉末的

v. 压成细粉（pulverize的过去分词）

talcum

英 ['tælkəm] 美 ['tælkəm]

n. [矿物] 滑石

micrometeoroid

英 [maɪkrəʊ'miːtɪərɒɪd] 美

n. [天] 微流星体

the consistency of blood 血液粘稠度

The consistency of a substance is how thick or smooth it is. 黏稠度

例：

Dilute the paint with water until it is the consistency of milk.

用水把颜料稀释到牛奶的黏稠度。

erosion

英 [ɪ'rəʊʒ(ə)n] 美 [ɪ'roʒən]

n. 侵蚀，腐蚀

At the same time, the solar wind bombards the dust with charged particles from the sun, giving it a static charge that makes it cling to anything it touches.

与此同时，来自太阳的太阳风让这些尘埃带上了正负电荷，有了电荷它们就能够依附任何它们触碰到的东西。

The jagged dust fragments blackened spacesuits, causing them to absorb too much heat.

由于这些锯齿状的尘埃碎片表面温度过高，接触到宇航服时会把宇航服烧焦、使其碳化变黑。

They tore tiny leaks in joint seals, resulting in pressure leaks and risking total failure of the suits.

尘埃碎片能在宇航服的接缝处撕开一个小口，使宇航服压力失衡而丧失保护作用。

bombard

英 [bɒm'bɑːd] 美 [bɑm'bɑrd]

vt. 轰炸；炮击

n. 射石炮

charged

英 [tʃɑːdʒd] 美 [tʃɑrdʒd]

adj. 带电的

particles

英美 ['pɑrtɪkl]

n. 微粒，粒子；粒子系统；碎木料（particle的复数形式）

static charge

[物] 静电荷

cling to 坚持 ; 粘住

jagged

英 ['dʒægɪd] 美 ['dʒæɡɪd]

adj. 锯齿状的；参差不齐的

blacken

英 ['blæk(ə)n] 美 ['blækən]

vt. 使变黑；诽谤，诋毁

vi. 变黑

leak

英 [liːk] 美 [lik]

n. 泄漏；漏洞，裂缝

joint

英 [dʒɒɪnt] 美 [dʒɔɪnt]

n. 关节；接缝；接合处，接合点；（牛，羊等的腿）大块肉

adj. 共同的；连接的；联合的，合办的

seal

英 [sil] 美 [sil]

n. 密封；印章；海豹；封条；标志

vt. 密封；盖章

pressure leak

压力泄漏

They scratched visors, hindering visibility, and caked batteries, making them overheat.

尘埃碎片还会划伤宇航服的面具，阻碍其视野，并且由于每粒尘埃都带有电荷，当它们彼此相连就相当于组成了电池组，开始加热。

Tramped back into the spacecraft, they escaped into the air, from where the astronauts had little choice but to breathe them in and risk any potential health consequences.

当宇航员回到太空飞船上之后，这些尘埃碎片就会分布在空气中，而宇航员们在不知不觉中被迫将它们吸入，这就对其健康造成了潜在的影响。

Half a century later NASA is pondering a return to the Moon, as a stepping stone for missions to Mars and the asteroids.

半个世纪后，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局将目光重新聚焦在月球上，因为月亮可以成为通往火星或是其他小行星的跳板。

A visor is a movable part of a helmet that can be pulled down to protect a person's eyes or face. (头盔上的)面罩

例：

He pulled on a battered old crash helmet with a scratched visor.

他戴上了一顶破旧的、面罩上已有划痕的防护头盔。

cake vt.,vi.

(使)结成块状，(使)结块，(使)结硬皮；(使)凝固，(使)胶凝

The blood caked around his mouth.

他的嘴的周围粘着血块。

tramp

英 [træmp] 美 [træmp]

vi. 流浪；践踏，踩；脚步沉重地行走

had little choice but to

别无选择，只能

If you risk something unpleasant, you do something which might result in that thing happening or affecting you. 冒遭受…的风险

例：

Those who fail to register risk severe penalties.

那些没登记的人冒着受重罚的风险。

NASA

英 ['næsə] 美

abbr. 美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）

pondering

['pɔndəriŋ]

v. 沉思，默想，考虑（ponder的ing形式）

asteroid

英 ['æstərɒɪd] 美 ['æstərɔɪd]

n. [天] 小行星；[无脊椎] 海盘车；小游星

a stepping stone

一块垫脚石

At the same time a growing number of private firms have ambitions to mine precious metals from those celestial bodies, too.

同时，许多私营公司都有从那些天体中开采贵金属的野心。

One of the (many) problems that NASA and the space-prospecting crowd will have to solve is what to do about the dust.

那么，对于美国家航空航天局与希望进行太空勘探的人来说，首要解决的麻烦之一就是对付这些扬尘。

Fortunately for them Kavya Manyapu, an engineer at Boeing who has been working with scientists from NASA's Glenn Research Centre, may have a solution.

对他们来说有一个好消息：波音公司的一位工程师Kavya Manyapu现如今正在与来自美国家航空航天局的格伦研究中心的科学家合作，而这个问题有望得到解决。

Ms Manyapu has come up with a new kind of spacesuit material that neutralises the dust in two different ways, one passive and one active.

Manyapu女士提出了两种除尘方式：有源除尘和无源除尘，使用一种新型宇航服材料消除尘埃碎片威胁。

celestial

英 [sɪ'lestɪəl] 美 [sə'lɛstʃəl]

adj. 天上的，天空的

neutralise

['nju:trəlaiz]

vt. 中和；使中立；使无效

The passive strategy is a novel polymer-based coating that is applied to the top of an ordinary fabric spacesuit.

无源除尘是将一种新型以高分子聚合物为主的材料覆盖在普通太空服布料的外层，

It is impregnated with tiny dust-like particles of its own, which makes it harder for the real thing to stick.

如同齑粉一样微小的尘埃碎片将会被吸附在这种材料上难以脱身。

novel

英 ['nɒv(ə)l] 美 [ˈnɑːvl]

adj. 新奇的；异常的

polymer

英 ['pɒlɪmə] 美 ['pɑlɪmɚ]

n. [高分子] 聚合物

coating

英 ['kəʊtɪŋ] 美 ['kotɪŋ]

n. 涂层；包衣；衣料

fabric

英 ['fæbrɪk] 美 ['fæbrɪk]

n. 织物；布

impregnate

英 ['ɪmpregneɪt] 美 [ɪm'prɛɡnet]

If someone or something impregnates a thing with a substance, they make the substance spread through it and stay in it. 使浸透; 浸渍

例：

Undercover officers found drug-making equipment used to impregnate paper with LSD.

卧底警官发现了用于使迷幻药渗入纸张的毒品制造设备。

To get rid of any dust that does nevertheless manage to accumulate, the material also has embedded within it a yarn made of conducting carbon-nanotube fibres.

有源除尘是将碳纳米管传导纤维做成的纱线与上述的高分子聚合物材料一同进行纺织。

Connect those to a power source, and the fabric can create an electric field that repels the charged dust particles.

将织好的布料连接电源，此时织物能够产生电场使尘埃碎片带上电荷，而在电场的作用下带上电荷的尘埃颗粒就会沿着碳纤维移动到相应的电极上。

embed

英 [ɪm'bed; em-] 美 [ɪm'bɛd]

vt. 栽种；使嵌入，使插入；使深留脑中

yarn

英 [jɑːn] 美 [jɑn]

n. 纱线

carbon-nanotube fibre

碳纳米管纤维

electric field