2016年天津卷阅读理解C篇重点单词语块

1． a wide variety of 多种多样的

2． unemployed [ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd] adj. 失业的

3． IQ [ˌaɪˈkju:] n. 智商

4． economic [ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk] adj. 经济的

5． make no difference in 对……没有影响

6． responsibility [rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti] n. 责任；负责

7． independence [ˌɪndɪˈpendəns] n. 独立

8． confidence [ˈkɒnfɪdəns] n. 自信心

9． underpinning [ˌʌndəˈpɪnɪŋ] n. 基础

10． emotional [ɪˈməʊʃənl] adj. 感情的

11． weed [wi:d] vt. 给……除杂草

12． weed the garden 给花园除草

13． garbage [ˈgɑ:bɪdʒ] n. 垃圾

14． deliver [dɪˈlɪvə(r)] vt. 递送；投递

15． adulthood [ˈædʌlthʊd] n. 成年

16． job satisfaction 工作满意度

17． well off adj. 富裕的

18． childhood playmates 童年的玩伴

19． a better marriage 更美满的婚姻

20． the findings of a 40-year study

长达40年的调查发现

21． teenage boys 十几岁的男孩

22． enjoy happier and more productive lives 享受更幸福、更有作为的生活

23． community [kəˈmju:nəti] n. 社区

24． competence [ˈkɒmpɪtəns] n. 能力

25． gain competence 获得能力

26． worthwhile [ˌwɜ:θˈwaɪl] adj. 有价值的

27． psychologist [saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst] n. 心理学家

28． make the discovery 得出这一发现

29． male [meɪl] n. 男子

30． in great detail 非常细致地

31． interview [ˈɪntəvju] n. 采访

32． at ages 25, 31 and 47

在25岁、31岁和47岁的时候

33． mental-health scores 心理健康得分

34． boyhood-activity scores

少年时期的活动得分

35． award [əˈwɔ:d] vt. 给（分）；判给

36． part-time jobs 兼职工作

37． effort [ˈefət] n. 努力

38． deal with problems 处理问题

39． the link between A and B

A与B之间的关联

40． turn out 结果是

41． adult [ˈædʌlt] n. 成年人

42． surprisingly [səˈpraɪzɪŋlɪ] adv.

令人惊奇地

43． sharp [ʃɑ:p] adj. 明显的

44． be likely to do sth. 可能做某事

45． have warm relations with sb. 与某人关系友好

46． the underpinnings of emotional health 心理健康的基础

47． cooperate [kəʊˈɒpəreɪt] vi. 合作

48． common goals 共同的目标

49． competent [ˈkɒmpɪtənt] adj. 有能力的

50． magnificently [mægˈnɪfɪsntli] adv. 极好地；极美地

课后练习（一）

When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.

These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. "Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society," said George Vaillant, the psychologist(心理学家) who made the discovery. "And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them."

Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.

The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.

Working — at any age — is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence — the underpinnings(基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn't everything. As Tolstoy once said, "One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work."

1.What do we know about John?

A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.

B. He had few childhood playmates.

C. He received little love from his family.

D. He was envied by others in his childhood.

2.Vaillant's words in Paragraph 2 serve as____.

A. a description of personal values and social values

B. an analysis of how work was related to competence

C. an example for parents'expectations of their children

D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men

3.Vaillant's team obtained their findings by____.

A. recording the boys'effort in school

B. evaluating the men's mental health

C. comparing different sets of scores

D. measuring the men's problem solving ability

4.What does the underlined word "sharp" probably mean in Paragraph 4?

A. Quick to react. B. Having a thin edge.

C. Clear and definite. D. Sudden and rapid.

5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Competent adults know more about love than work.

B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.

C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.

D. Independence is the key to one's success.

参考答案：ADCCB

课后练习（二）

Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.

Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers' memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.

Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants' overall health status.

"This works just like physical exercise, " says Francisca Then, who led the study. "After a long run, you may feel like you're in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. "

It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter's job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And "running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), " she says. "You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. "

Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.

1.Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?

A.To assess their health status.B.To evaluate their work habits.

C.To analyze their personality.D.To measure their mental ability.

2.How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?

A.By using an expert's words.B.By making a comparison.

C.By referring to another study.D.By introducing a concept.

3.Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A.Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills

B.Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs

C.Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp

D.Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age

答案：DBC

 

 

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