北师大版高中英语必修4 Unit10 知识点总结

Ⅰ.单词回顾

1．native adj. 出生地的，本土的

2．defeat vt.战胜，击败

3．focus n. 调焦；焦点

4．aware adj. 知道的，意识到的

5．bargain n．&vi.讨价还价；便宜货

6．approximately adv.近似地，大约地

7．signal n. 信号，暗号

8．behave vi.举止，表现

9．enthusiastic adj. 很感兴趣的，热情的

10．contain vt.包含，含有

11．fluently adv.流利地

12．annoy vt.使烦恼，打搅→annoyed adj.烦恼的；生气的→annoying adj.令人烦恼的

13．earn vt.挣得，赚得→earnings n．薪水；工资

14．appeal vi.吸引，引起兴趣；呼吁，恳求；上诉→appealing adj.有吸引力的

15．remove vt.移开，挪走→removal n. 移开；挪走

16．concern vt.使忧虑；与……相关n．关心，关注→concerned adj. 担心的→concerning prep. 关于；涉及

17．puzzle vt.使困惑 n. 谜→puzzled adj. 困惑的→puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的

18．determine vt.确定，决定→determination n. 决心，决定→determined adj. 已决定的，坚决的，有决心的

19．exist vi.存在，生存→existence n. 存在，生存

20．ashamed adj. 羞耻的，惭愧的→shameful adj. 可耻的，丢脸的

21．variety n. 多样化，多样性→various adj. 各种各样的→vary v. 改变；使不同

22．motivate vt.使有动机；激发→motivation n. 动力；诱因

23．achievement n. 成就→achieve v. 实现

24．amusement n. 乐趣，娱乐活动→amuse v. 使快乐→amused adj. 愉悦的，有趣的，开心的→amusing adj.有趣的，好玩的；引人发笑的

25．replace vt.代替，取代→replacement n. 取代；代替

26．advance vi.前进；取得进展；n. 进展，进步→advanced adj.高级的，先进的

27．aware adj.知道的，意识到的→awareness n．意识，明白，知道

【联想】

1．ing结尾介词小结

①during在……期间

②regarding关于

③considering就……而言

④following在……之后

⑤including包括

⑥concerning关于

2．前缀re动词集锦

①replay重放

②renew更新

③replace代替；取代

④review复习

⑤remind想起

⑥restore重建；恢复

Ⅱ.短语回顾

1．put_off推迟

2．out_of_work失业

3．give_away赠送给；泄露(秘密)

4．drop_out退出；退学

5．make/earn_a_living谋生

6．be_determined_to_do_sth.决心做某事

7．dream_up凭空想出；虚构出

8．take_turns轮流

9．be_concerned_about对……关心；挂念

10．turn_one's_back_on不理睬；拒绝

11．betired of... 厌倦了……

12．appealto... 吸引……

13．to_be_exact确切地说

14．what's_more而且；此外

15．be_associated_with将……与……联系起来

【联想】

1．“out of＋名词”短语集汇

①out of breath 上气不接下气

②out of balance 失去平衡

③out of stock 脱销

④out of date 过时

⑤out of patience 不耐烦

⑥out of control 失去控制

⑦out of style 过时；不时髦

⑧out of work 失业

⑨out of sight 在视线之外；看不见

2．“与……有关/联系”的短语

①be related to/with

②be relative to

③be relevant to

④be associated with

⑤be connected with

⑥be/get involved in

3．识记“to be＋adj.”构成的短语

①to be exact 确切地说

②to be honest/frank 说实在的

③to be brief 简单地说；一句话

Ⅲ.佳句背诵

1．There are certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man!

没有确切的迹象表明查尔斯曾经是一个富人！

[点拨]that 引导同位语从句。

[背诵]消息传来他被一所重点大学录取。

Word came that_he_was_admitted_to a key university.

2．If so, it is time for you to think again.

若真是这样的话，现在到你重新考虑的时候了。

[点拨]if so 如果这样的话，是省略句。

[背诵]他那时可能不在家。如果那样的话，给他留张纸条。

He may not be at home then. If_so,_leave_him_a_note.

3．How come? 怎么会？

[点拨]How come? 用以询问原因，或表示怀疑、惊讶等语气。

[背诵]假若她已在巴黎待了五年，怎么一句法语都不会说呢？

If she spent five years in Paris,how_come she can't speak a word of French?

4．The more you use English, the more you will want to learn it.

你用得英语越多，你就越想学习它。

[点拨]the＋比较级．..；the＋比较级．..，越……越……

[背诵]我们书读得越多，我们就越有学问。

The_more books we read, the_more learned we become.

5．They are very practical and easy to wash.

他们非常实用而且便于清洗。

[点拨]该句为“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构。

[背诵]这个女孩很容易相处。

This girl is easy to_get_along/on with.

考点单词

1．defeat vt. 战胜，击败；使(计划、希望等)落空；使失败；n. 失败，击败

It was a lack of money, not effort, that defeated their plan.

他们的计划失败并非努力不够，而是缺乏资金。

defeat	“击败”，既可以表示战胜比赛或竞技对手，也可以指战争中打败敌人或使(计划/希望)落空/受挫
beat	“战胜”，主要用于竞技或比赛中战胜对手，其次还有“连续/有规律地敲打，心脏跳动”等意思
win	“赢得，获得”，其宾语通常是比赛、战斗、奖品、荣誉、好感等

As is expected, our baseball team has suffered another defeat.

正如所预料的一样，我们的棒球队再次失败了。

[练习]完成句子

①He has been soundly defeated at chess.

他在国际象棋比赛中一败涂地。

②He heard the rain beating on his window.

他听雨敲打着窗户。

③He won a gold medal in the 30th Olympics.

他在第三十届奥运会上赢了金牌。

2．determine vt. 决定；确定；(使)下定决心

A lot of people are determined to become a millionaire.

很多人一心想成为百万富翁。

(1)determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事

determine to do sth. 决定做某事

determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事

determine＋that/wh从句．..　决定……

(2)determined adj. 有决心的

be determined to do sth. 决心做某事

(3)determination n. 决心

Whether a person can succeed or not is determined by many factors.

一个人是否成功是由多种因素来决定的。

3．concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到；n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系

Some millionaires continue to be concerned about money when they become millionaires.

有些人成为百万富翁后还继续为钱烦恼。

[点拨]concerned 作定语时的位置：

表示“忧虑的，担忧的，担心的”，作前置定语，如：a concerned look “担忧的表情”；表示“有关的，涉及的”，作后置定语，如：the authorities concerned “有关当局”。

It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.

是爱和关心带来了这巨大的变化。

4．balance n. 天平，平衡；结余；余额；v. 平衡，权衡

Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.

慢慢的移动，然后确保保持平衡，不要让你的身体晃动。

(1)keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡

keep one's balance 保持平衡

lose one's balance 失去平衡

on balance 总的来说

(2)balance sth. against 权衡，斟酌，比较

(3)balanced adj. 保持(或显示)平衡的

keep a balanced diet 保持饮食平衡

Rich countries gain more from the policy, on balance, than they lose.

总的来说，富有的国家从这一政策中得到的比失去的多。

5．ashamed adj. 羞耻的；惭愧的

She is not ashamed to say she has not got much money.

她不会因为说自己没有多少钱而感到羞愧。

(1)be/feel ashamed of 因……感到惭愧

be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事

feel/be ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧

(2)It's a shame that... ……真让人遗憾

(3)What a shame/pity! 真可惜！

6．appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助；vt. 将……上诉；n. 呼吁；恳求

What's more, it is another effective way to appeal to the news media.

另外，这是吸引新闻媒体的另外一种有效的方法。

(1)appeal to sb. for sth. 为……向某人呼吁或请求

appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事

(2)make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为……向某人呼吁或请求

make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事

(3)appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的

The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.

警方呼吁公众保持镇静。

7．behave vt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现

At that time, women were expected to stay at home, take care of their husbands and children, and behave like ladies.

那个时候，妇女应待在家里照顾丈夫和孩子，表现得跟淑女一样。

(1)behave oneself 举止规矩些

behave well/badly 举止良好/糟糕

(2)well-behaved表现好的

badly-behaved表现差的

(3)behavior[U]举止，行为

8．advance vt.，vi.&n. 促进，前进，提前，进展

I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

如果你能让我提前知道你是否能来，我会很感激的。

(1)advance on/upon/towards朝……前进

be advanced to 被提拔为……

(2)in advance 预先，提前(指事先)

in advance of 在……前面，超过……

make advances in 在……方面取得进步

(3)advanced adj. 高级的，先进的

This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning.

这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。

9．replace vt. 取代；替换；把……放回原处

Well,it's a disk to replace our textbook.

哦，这是一张可替代我们课本的光碟。

(1)replace(＝take the place of)sb./sth. 取代某人/某物

replace sth. with/by sth. 用……替换……

replace sb. as... 取代某人而成为

(2)in place of＝in one's place 代替

take one's place＝take the place of 代替

He replaced the book on the shelf.

他把书放回架子上。

10．remove vt. 去掉，开除；脱掉；vi. 搬开，移动，搬家

The news removed any doubts about the company's future.

这个消息消除了一切有关公司未来的疑虑。

[一词多义]

①If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice. 拿掉，拿下

②It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognised him.摘掉；脱掉

③The top official was removed from office last week.撤职

④The busy work has removed the workers from the homesickness.消除

⑤Three children were removed from the school for bad behaviors.开除

remove...from...把……从……移开

remove from...to... 从……搬到……

remove sb. from school 开除某人；勒令某人退学

remove one's doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼

11．aware adj. 知道的，意识到的

“A few years ago，”says Charles, “I was a millionaire, but was awarethere were a lot of hungry people in the world.”

查尔斯说：“几年前，我曾是个百万富翁，但我意识到世界上还有许许多多忍饥挨饿的人。”

(1)

知道/明白/意识到……

make sb. aware of sth. 让某人明白某事

asfar as I'm aware... 据我所知……

(2)developan awareness of... 逐渐懂得……

raise awareness 提高认识

What many parents are not aware is that they ignore what their children are longing for.

许多家长所没意识到的是他们忽视了孩子们想要什么。

12．contain vt. 包含；容纳；克制(强烈的感情等)；抑制

Thesoil contains materials to keep thenatural balance of the area.

泥土中有一些物质可以保持这个地区的自然平衡。

include	包括，侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分
contain	包括，侧重“整体内有”，指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物。不用于进行时态

It contains a lot of pictures takenduring my childhood.

这里面包含了我童年拍摄的许多照片。

Asfar as I know, the hall can contain/hold/seat/admit 3,000 people.

据我所知，这个大厅可以容纳3000人。

13．comment n. 评论；议论；vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论

I'd appreciate it if you could make helpful comments on my work.

如果你对我的工作提出有益的评论我将感激不尽。

make comments on/about... 对……加以评论

No comment! 无可奉告！

comment on/upon sth. 对……发表评论

14．bargain vi.&n. 交易，便宜货，讨价还价

Which of the following do most British people bargainfor?

下边哪个是大多数英国人会谈论的？

(1)bargain with sb. about/over/forsth. (和某人就某事)讨价还价

(2)makea bargain with sb. 和某人达成协议

a good/bad bargain 买得(不)合算

She was bargaining with the storekeeperfor the skirt when I first caught sight of her.

我第一次见到她时，她为一件裙子正在和老板讨价还价。

15．annoy vt. 使烦恼，打搅

Try making a note of the things which annoy you.

试着把烦心事写下来。

(1)annoy sb. 使某人不高兴

(2)annoyed adj. 感到恼火的；觉得生气的

be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气

be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气

be annoyed by... 被……惹恼

(3)annoying adj. 使人不高兴的，恼人的；烦人的

16．signal vi.&vt.发信号；n. 信号

He sent a signal for help.

他发出了求救信号。

(1)signal(sb.) that... 示意(某人)……

signal(to)sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事

(2)adanger/warning signal 危险/警告信号

traffic signals 交通信号灯

a stop signal 停车信号

考点短语：

1．be tired of 对……感到厌倦

Tom is tired of playing the piano day after day.

汤姆厌倦了日复一日弹钢琴。

be tired from/with 因……而感到劳累

get tired of 对……感到厌烦

be tired out 精疲力竭的

tire sb. out 使某人精疲力竭

2．drop out 掉出；衰退，消失；退出，退学

Charles Gray decided to drop out and has discovered that having only a little money makes you free.

查尔斯·格雷决定退出，他发现仅有少量的钱财可以使人自由。

drop behind 落后

drop by 顺便来访问

drop off 下降；入睡

drop sb. a line 给某人写短信

drop in on sb. 顺便拜访

drop in at one's house 顺便拜访某人家

3．give away 颁发(奖品)；捐赠，赠送；放弃(机会等)；泄露(秘密等)；出卖；让步；陷下

Therefore he gave away all his money to charities.

因此他把所有的钱都捐赠给了慈善机构。

give off 发出(烟、光、热等)

give out 分发，分配；用尽；筋疲力尽

give in 屈服；让步

give up 放弃

give back 归还；恢复

If you give away like that, how can you expect to win the game?

如果你就那样放弃机会，你怎么能期望赢得这场比赛？

4．to be exact 精确地说，确切地说

Yes,a tree along the banks of the Yellow River to be exact.

是的，确切地说是黄河岸边的一棵树。

to tell you the truth 说实话

to be sure 确定

to be honest 说实话，老实说

to be frank 坦白地说

5．instead of 代替；而不是

However,instead of showing real, existing structures, he used photographs to make up imaginary structures that best represented the different architectural style.

但他没有去展现真实存在的建筑结构，而是用照片聚合成一个想象中的能最佳代表不同建筑风格的结构图。

instead of	表示“代替；而不是”的意思时，后可接名词、代词、动名词、形容词、副词、介词、介词短语，表示否定后者
instead	adv. 意思是“代替；而不是；相反”，在句中作状语，可位于句首，也可位于句末，用以否定前文

6．put off 推迟

Remember that learning English requires action.Don't put it off.

记住，学习英语需要实际行动，不要拖延。

put aside 节省，储蓄；忽视，置之不理

put away 收起来，放好；积蓄，存钱

put out 伸出；扑灭；熄灭；生产，制造

put down 放下；平定；写下

put forward 向前移；将……提前；提议，建议

put up 张贴；树立；提供

put up with sth. 容忍

7．out of work 失业

As a result of the financial crisis, many Americans were out of work in 2009.

由于金融危机的影响，在2009年许多美国人失业了。

out of control 失控

out of date 过时

out of patience 不耐烦

out of question 毫无疑问

8．go through 经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；用完

The deal didn't go through.

这笔交易未谈成。

[一词多义]

①I always start the day by going through my email.查看，查阅

②The plan went through, which made us all happy.通过

③Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 经历

④I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang.完成

go by 走过；(指时间)流逝

go in for 参加(考试或比赛)；追求

go over 仔细检查；温习

go without 没有某事物也可应付

go against 违背

考点句型：

1．It is no bigger than acredit card!

它和一张信用卡一样，都不大。

此句中的no bigger than 相当于as small as。

no＋比较级＋than表示“两者都不……”，not＋比较级＋than则表示两者进行比较，“前者不如后者……”。

no more than 只不过；并不比……多

not more than 不如……多；至多

Some people may think that a garden is nomore than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.

有些人可能认为一个花园只不过是植物、花、样式和各种颜色。

2．Today he lives in a small dormitory room where there is only second -hand furniture.

现在他住在一个小宿舍里，里面只有一些二手家具。

where there is only second-hand furniture 为定语从句，修饰先行词room，也可以说成in which there is only second-hand furniture，引导词where在定语从句中作地点状语。

在point，case， situation，condition， stage 等词后，常用where引导定语从句，表达某种情境、程度。

I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.

我去了一个特别的学校，在那儿我得到了很多的帮助。

3．There are certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man!

当然没有任何迹象表明查尔斯曾经是一个富人！

该句中that Charles was a rich man 是同位语从句，对signs解释说明。

后接同位语从句的常见词有：fact，news， sign，promise， truth，idea 等。同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于：①定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用；同位语从句用来说明、解释先行词的具体内容。②引导同位语从句时，that为连词，没有实际意义，在从句中不作成分，但不能省略。这是区分that引导定语从句和同位语从句的关键。

4．The more you use English, the more you will want to learn it.

你越多使用英语，你就越想学会它。

[点拨] 本句含有句式“the＋比较级……；the＋比较级……”越……，越……。表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化，前面部分是从句，后面部分是主句。

And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.

我们推迟的时间越长就会感觉越累。

5．You may agree with this point of view. If so, it is time for you to think again.

你可能同意这种观点，若如此的话，你就应该重新思考一下。

If so 是“if it is so”的省略形式，此省略原则为当从句中的主语是it 或主从句的主语一致，谓语动词又含动词be时，可把“it”或其他主语和动词be一起省略。

if so 如果这样　　　　　　if any 若有

if necessary 如果有必要 if not 如果没有

6．Over time, a lot of soil has been removed, which has caused serious erosion of the land along the River.

长年累月，大量的泥土被冲走，造成黄河两岸严重的水土流失。