人教版英语八年级上册Unit 3知识点和重点语法

人教版八年级上Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister. 重点短语句子、语法和单元写作。

一、重点短语

1. more outgoing 更外向

2. as…as… 与……一样 ……

3. the singing competition 唱歌比赛

4. be similar to 与……相像的 /类似的

5. the same as 和……相同；与 ……一致

6. be different from 与……不同

7. care about 关心；介意

8. be like a mirror 像一面镜子

9. the most important 最重要的

10. as long as 只要；既然

11. bring out 使显现；使表现出

12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩

13. reach for 伸手取

14. in fact 事实上；实际上

15. make friends 交朋友

16. the other 其他的

17. touch one ’s heart 感动某人

18. be talented in music 有音乐天赋

19. be good at 擅长……

20. be good with 善于与 ……相处

21. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣

22. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事

23. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

24. want to do sth. 想要做某事

二．重点句型

1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。

both:

(1) 表示“两者都 ”， both 用在含有 be动词的句中，应放在 be 动词的后面；用在含有行为动词的句中，应放在行为动词的前面。

(2) both …and…表示“两者都 ”，both...and在句中连接并列成分，如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等，位置比较灵活。

Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语 )

The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.( 连接谓语 )

2. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。

as...as意为 “与……一样……” ，as...as中间接形容词或副词的原级。

He is as tall as his father.

他和他爸爸一样高。

Tom gets up as early as Jim.

汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。

注意：

(1) 其否定式为 not as/so +adj./adv. +as。

Lucy isn’t as outgoing as Mary.

露西不如玛丽外向。

This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.

(2) 若有修饰成分，如 twice, three times, half, a quarter等，则须置于第一个 as之前。

Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.

你的包比我的贵一倍。

3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。

win 此处用作不及物动词，意为 “赢；获胜 ”。

win 还可用作及物动词，意为 “赢得；在……中获胜 ”，此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。

He won the first prize.

Who won the race？

辨析：win 与 beat

① win 表示“赢得；获胜 ”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。

We won the basketball game.

② beat表示“打赢；战胜 ”，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。

Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.

(2) though此处作副词，意为 “不过；可是；然而 ”，通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开。

Jim said that he would come; he didn’t, though.

拓展：though作连词，意为 “虽然；尽管 ”，相当于 although。

Though he has no money, he lives very happily.

注意：although/though与 but 不能同时出现在一个句子中。

Though he has no money, he lives very happily.

=He has no money, but he lives very happily.

4. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. 但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。

(1) the most important意为“最重要的 ”，是 important 的最高级形式。important 的比较级为 more important，形容词的最高级形式前必须有定冠词 the。

I think English is the most important of all the subjects.

The most important thing is to work hard.

(2) have fun意为“获得乐趣；玩得高兴 ”。

It ’s a good place to have fun.

拓展：have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有趣 ”。

Did you have fun visiting that country？

5. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我发笑。

(1) make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事 ”

His father always makes him get up before five o ’clock.

拓展：make 的用法：

① make加名词

make food 做饭

make the bed 铺床

make money 赚钱

② make + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人感到 ……；使……处于某种状态

The soft music makes Tina sleepy.

③ make sb./sth. + n. 使某人成为 ……

The party made her a good teacher.

④ make sb./sth. + 过去分词让某人被 ……

I made myself understood by all the students.

⑤ make sb./sth. + do sth. 使某人做某事 (不能带不定式符号 to)

Wars make the peace go away.

注意：当 make用于被动语态时，必须带不定式符号 to.

We were made to work all night.

I was made to repeat the story.

(2) 辨析：laugh与 smile

① laugh一般表示 “出声地 (大)笑”，不但有面部表情，而且还有声音。

laugh at...意为“嘲笑……；因……而发笑 ”。

Don ’t laugh when you have a meal.

② smile一般表示 “无声地微笑 ”，指的是面部表情。

smile at...意为“向……微笑”。

He smiled at me.

6. Yes, and a good friend is talented in music, too.

talented为形容词，意为 “有才能的，有才干的 ”，其比较级形式为 more talented。be talented in为固定搭配，表示 “在……方面有天赋 ”。

She is a talented musician.

她是一名天才音乐家。

The boy is talented in dancing.

这个男孩很有舞蹈天赋。

7. I ’m quieter and more serious than most kids. 我比大多数的孩子更文静更稳重。

serious为形容词，意为 “严肃的；稳重的 ”。

My math teacher is very serious in class.

拓展：

① nothing serious意为 “没有什么严重的 ”。

② be serious about... 意为“对……认真”。

Is she serious about giving up her job？

8. That ’s why I like reading books and studying harder in class. 那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻苦的原因。

That’s why... 意为“那就是 ……的原因 ”，why 引导的句子作表语，是表语从句。

That ’s why I don ’t want to leave here. I got up late, and that ’s why I missed the bus.

9. I ’m shy so it ’s not easy for me to make friends. 我很腼腆。因此对我来说交朋友不是很容易。

“It ’s+ 形容词 +for sb. to do sth.” 是固定结构，意为“做某事对某人来说是 ……的”。结构中的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。句中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如 difficult，easy， hard，important，dangerous，necessary，possible等。

It ’s very important for us to eat a lot of vegetables every day.

It ’s dangerous for a child to stay at home alone.

10.But I think friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.但是我认为朋友就像书一样 ——你不需要很多。只要它们好就行。

as long as意为“只要；既然 ”，引导条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词 can时，所引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。

You can leave here as long as you tell the truth.

You will get good grades as long as you work hard.

11. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. 然而，拉里经常帮助我表现出最好的一面。

bring out 意为“使显现；使表现出 ”。

I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.

我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。

拓展：

① bring out 还意为 “出版；生产 ”。

The company is bringing out a new sports car.

② bring out the best/worst in sb. 把某人最好 /最坏的一面展现出来

Please tell me how to bring out the best in me.

12. I don ’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. 我真的不介意我的朋友是与我一样还是不同。

if 作连词，意为 “是否”，引导宾语从句，常用于 ask，know，wonder，find out 等动词 (短语)之后。

I don ’t know if he is at home.

He asks me if I like music.

14. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。

(1) reach for sth.意为“伸手取某物 ”，reach此处作不及物动词，意为 “伸手 ”。

He reaches for the box, but he is too short.

拓展：reach作及物动词，意为 “到达；抵达 ”。

When will you reach Beijing？

辨析：reach, get to与 arrive

① reach为及物动词，后面直接接宾语。

They reached Hangzhou yesterday.

② get to后接地点名词，如果接

there，here或 home等地点副词， to 必须省略。

How did you get to the station？

③ arrive 为不及物动词，后接地点名词时必须加介词 at 或 in。到达国家、城市等大的地方用 in；到达学校、商店等小的地方用 at。接 there，here或 home等地点副词时不用介词 in 或 at。

I arrived at the company three hours ago.

They arrived in Hangzhou yesterday.

(2) touch及物动词，意为“感动；触摸”。

The sad story touched us.

He touched his son’s head lightly.

三．语法讲解 - 形容词与副词的比较级

1．规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。

tall（高的）- taller - tallest

以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-st。

nice（好的） - nicer - nicest

以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est。

big（大的） - bigger - biggest

“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est。

easy（容易的） - easier - easiest

少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est。

clever（聪明的）- cleverer - cleverest

其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级

important（重要的）- more important - most important

2．不规则变化

good（好的）well（健康的） better best

bad（坏的）ill（有病的） worse worst

old（老的） older/elder oldest/eldest

much/many（多的） more most

little（少的） less least

far（远的） farther/further farthest/furthest

3．比较级基本句型：（把A和B进行比较，than是比较级的标志）

（1）A + be动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + B

Tina is taller than Tara.

缇娜比塔拉更高。

I’m more outgoing than my sister.

我比我妹妹更加外向。

（2）A + 谓语动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B

She sings more loudly than Tara.

她比塔拉唱得更大声。

She can run faster and jump higher than me.

她比我跑得快，跳得高。

She works harder than me.

她比我工作更努力。

She always gets up earlier than me.

她总是比我起得早。

Lisa sang better than Nelly.

丽萨比內莉唱得更好。

（3） as + adj./adv.(原级) + as … “和…一样…”

否定：… not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as …

“不如……那样……”

I work as hard as Tina.

我和缇娜工作一样努力。

You are not as friendly as your sister.

你不如你妹妹那样友好。

= Your sister is more friendly than you.

你妹妹比你友好。

= You are less friendly than your sister.

【注意】

对比对象保持一致。

Her hair is longer than yours.(→your hair)

= She has longer hair than you. 她的头发比你的常。

原级常与very，so, too, quite，pretty, really等连用。

比较级常与much, a lot ，a little, a bit等连用.

much more beautiful漂亮得多

a little more beautiful漂亮一点点

4．比较级的特殊句型

（1）比较级＋and＋比较级：越来越……

Our life will be better and better.

我们的生活将会变得越来越好。

It is getting more and more popular to eat birthday cakes.

吃蛋糕正变得越来越流行。

（2）The 比较级…, the＋比较级…：越…就越…

The harder you study , the better grades you will get.

你越努力学习，你就能得到越好的成绩。

The more , the better .

越多越好。

（3）Who / Which + be +比较级 , A or B ?

Who is taller,Tom or John?

汤姆和约翰，谁更高？

Which is easier, English or Chinese?

哪个更容易，英语还是汉语？

四、单元写作

（本单元学习形容词和副词的比较级，写作的话题主要围绕对两个人进行比较）

请根据问题提示写一篇70词左右的英语短文，向大家介绍一下你对交朋友的看法。提示问题：

1. 你对朋友的看法是什么？

2. 你和你最好的朋友有哪些相同和不同之处？

3. 你认为朋友之间应该怎样相处？

【参考范文】

One possible version:

I don’t think it’s necessary for friends to be the same.

My best friend is Linda. We are classmates. In some ways we are the same, but in some ways , she is very different from me. She is much quieter and taller than me. She always has long hair but I like short hair. I’m good at math but Linda does well in English and Chinese. She is better at singing and dancing. Her hobbies are similar to mine. We both like reading. We both like playing tennis, too. We often get good grades in class. We like to do our homework together after school and we always help each other.

As friends, I think we should help and truly care about each other. We can also share happiness and sadness with each other.