Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. —— A. Einstein

不要为成功而努力，要为做一个有价值的人而努力。——爱因斯坦

*课文翻译*

选修一 unit 1 readingandthinking.mp3音频：00:00/04:39

TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE

屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖

6 October 2015

2015年10月6日

 

This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600, 000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.

 

今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现。这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。青蒿素挽救了数十万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。全世界每年有超过2亿人罹患疟疾，约60万人死于疟疾。青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。

 

Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.

 

屠呦呦是一位坚定而耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。毕业后，她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。1969年，她成为北京项目的负责人，并决定复阅中国古代医药文献，寻找这种疾病的传统植物疗法。她的团队查阅了2000多本古老的医药文献，并对280 000种植物的药用价值进行了评估。在他们的研究中，他们发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代疗法，这些方法为抗击疟疾带来了希望。

 

One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine，which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.

 

一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干青蒿，但没有发现效果。然后，他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸，并用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。他们的项目陷入了困境。然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。她再次分析了一遍医药文献，偶然间，她发现了一句话，建议用另一种方法来处理青蒿。她得出结论，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的药用价值。她用较低的温度提取提取物，发现了一种有效的物质。在失败了190多次之后，这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分受试患者都康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。

 

According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”

 

屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是一个团队努力的结果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队，还有我的国家的全体人民。这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。”

***Using Language***

---Listen (Page 6)---

选修一 unit 1 using language Match the people音频：00:00/02:56

选修一 unit 1-2 Listen to the conversation again音频：00:00/02:48

选修一 unit 1-3 Listen again and answer the questions.音频：00:00/02:44

 

*听力原文*

Anna Smith: Hi, Dr Wang! Hi, Wang Lin! Did you hear? Elon Musk’s company just launched another rocket.

Dr Wang: Elon Musk? Who's he?

Anna Smith: He’s the guy who founded a private space company, and also some other companies. The companies he founds are all really high-tech and futuristic. He’s made millions of dollars.

Wang Lin: Oh, he must be a really smart guy, and so rich right now.

Anna Smith: Yes, I’d say he’s as famous as Bill Gates or Jack Ma now. They’re really smart, too. Just think of all that money they must make!

Dr Wang: Well, you two, it's great that they’ve been able to become so successful and make all that money, but money isn't everything. Just look at people like Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin, and Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, and my own personal hero, Dr Zhong Nanshan, who managed the SARS outbreak—they never made millions of dollars, but their contributions to health care have saved countless lives.

Wang Lin: Yes, Dad, sorry. We know—they are great examples to everyone… But, you know, successful people like Bill Gates and Jack Ma have donated millions of dollars to charity, which should also count for something, right?

Dr Wang: Well, you're right on that point. They’re certainly being responsible in that way. Moreover, they're good for working hard and becoming successful.

Anna Smith: Yes, exactly! And Dr Wang, I think you misunderstood me just now. I agree with you. I like those people because they have worked so hard to achieve their goals and have positive contributions to society. It's not just due to how much money they make. Elon Musk, for example, is trying to help the future of humankind, and Bill Gates has given us home computers. I think we need more creative people like them.

Wang Lin: Well, don’t forget Jack Mas contribution. Without him, I wouldn’t find it so easy to shop online! And by the way, Dad, if we’re talking about people who do good things and inspire us—you inspire me, Dad…

*听力答案*

---Introduce someone you admire---

rj-xx1-unit1usinglanguageintroduce.mp3音频：00:00/04:06

 

*课文翻译*

rj-xx1-unit1usinglanguageintroduce.mp3音频：00:00/04:06

THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE

改变了我们对宇宙认识的人

 

Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.

 

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，通常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。爱因斯坦不仅是一个天才，还是一个勇敢而善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。

 

This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.

 

这位文静的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德国。16岁时，他曾试图去瑞士上大学，尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于入学考试的综合部分分数较低，他未能如愿。经过又一年的学习，他通过了考试，1896年进入大学，并于1900年毕业。

 

After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.

 

在找了两年的教师工作后，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局找到了一份职员的工作。在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。同年，他发表了四篇杰出的物理学论文，这一年后来被誉为科学史上的奇迹之年。此后，他逐渐以新艾萨克·牛顿闻名于世。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学做全职研究。1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。

 

Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.

 

1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。因此，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲待了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员一职。此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得了巨大成就。

 

To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends’ birthdays. But despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such occasions, he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein!”

 

在公众看来，他看似有点古怪，但很善良又有趣的人。他胡须浓密，有时白发挺立，就好像刚遭了电击。虽然他是个天才，但他有时会忘记一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。尽管他性格古怪，但他深受朋友和邻居的喜爱。甚至还有一个关于他如何帮助一个小女孩的故事：这个女孩敲了他的门，请求他帮她做家庭作业。事实上，爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，请他帮忙解释一些事情。经过多次这样的场合后，他终于开始说：“对不起！对不起！我总是被误认为是爱因斯坦教授！”

 

On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.

 

1955年4月18日，有报道说爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为一位杰出科学家的逝世而哀悼。

 

***Video Time (Page 12)***

 

该视频已被发布者删除

 

*视频脚本*

Mei Lanfang-great Artist, Cultural Ambassador

These beautiful performances belong to a special art form in China—Beijing Opera, in English often referred to as Peking Opera. Talking about Beijing Opera, we cannot forget to mention one of its greatest performers: Mei Lanfang, a brilliant artist who was instrumental in bringing Beijing Opera to the world

Mei Lanfang was born in Beijing in 1894. He started to learn the art of Beijing Opera at the age of eight and made his on-stage debut at age eleven. Mei Lanfang worked hard to learn as much as possible from the great artists and masters of Beijing Opera, and by the age of 20, he had become a leading actor in Beijing Opera's dan role.

Mei Lanfang quickly became well-known among Chinese audiences for his acting skill. His fame also began to spread around the world as international visitors to China saw his fascinating performances. The great Indian author Rabindranath Tagore was inspired to write a poem about the young actor after watching one of his performances.

[Text on screen]

You are veiled, my beloved

In a language I do not know

As a hill that appears like a cloud behind its mask of mist

Mei Lanfang’s skill opened doors for him to become friends with people from all over the world, as he often entertained guests from other countries who wanted to meet the young actor. As Mei Lanfang got to know ambassadors, European royal families, and celebrities from abroad, he longed to bring his beloved Beijing Opera to the rest of the world, so that even more people from other countries might understand and appreciate the beauty of Chinese culture and art.

And so, in 1919, Mei Lanfang began to travel abroad, giving performances in Japan and the Soviet Union. His tours were a great success; audiences were fascinated by this elegant opera from the Orient.

One of Mei Lanfang's greatest goals was to visit the United States, and after eight years of attempts, he and his opera group finally brought Beijing Opera to the USA.

Mei Lanfang and his group toured Seattle, Chicago, Washington, DC, New York, San Francisco, and several other large American cities, and received a warm welcome from city leaders and local celebrities wherever they went. American audiences loved the performances: In some cities, tickets for two weeks of shows were sold out in three days. Fans stood in long queues afterwards to shake his hand.

Clearly, despite the language barrier, the beautiful, elegant performances were a huge success. One critic wrote, " This is the most wonderful and exciting night that I have ever spent in the theatre. ” Americas Pomona College and the University of Southern California both conferred honorary Doctor of Arts degrees on Mei Lanfang for his great work in bringing Beijing Opera to the world and promoting cultural exchange between China and other countries.

Mei Lanfang was and still is greatly loved, not only for his tremendous artistic skill but also for his great kindness to all people and his deep love for his country. Mei Lanfang had performed in Japan and helped the people there during the great Kanto earthquake, but when the Japanese military troops invaded China, he refused to do any performances for their entertainment.

Mei Lanfang dedicated his whole life to the art of Beijing Opera. He constantly sought to improve his own artistry, creating many unforgettable and beautiful characters for the stage. His style became known as the "Mei Lanfang school”, a uniquely graceful style, and is still one of the most popular styles of Beijing Opera today

Mei Lanfang died in 1961 of heart disease. During his more than 50 years on the stage, Mei Lanfang took traditions from the past and adapted the best parts to create new and enrich old forms of Beijing Opera. Although this great opera master has now joined the heroes of history, he left behind a legacy of cultural wealth for his people and for all future generations.

Beijing Opera is now on the international list of art forms that make up the world's intangible cultural heritage, and is still enjoyed by young and old, men and women, around the world.

 

 

 

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