2022年高考英语定语从句知识点整理

Part 1 定语从句的概念

1、What is the attribute?

a beautiful girl形容词作定语

my friend 代词作定语

a man with glasses介词短语作定语

apple tree名词作定语

the watch made in Shanghai. 分词作定语

总结：定语就是用来修饰或限定名词或者代词的成分

2、What is the attributive clause?

修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语叫定语，如定语为一个句子则称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。

①I know the boy.

②The boy is sitting on the desk.

合并为定语从句：I know the boy who is sitting on the desk.

总结：定语从句一般结构：先行词+关系词+从句

Part 2 定语从句的关系词（关系代词）

一、关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：

1. 引导一个定语从句；

2.在从句中代替先行词；

3.在从句中担任某一句子成分。

1. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.

2.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.

3.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

4.The factory that we will visit next week is not far away from here.

5.The place which interested me most was the Children’s Palace.

6.The boy whose father is a doctor is a hard-working student.

备注：介词+which（物）/whom（人）

小试牛刀：

1)The boy __who/that ______ is standing there is my cousin.

2)The man __who/that /whom________ you met yesterday is Mr. Smith .

3)The boy with __whom____ Mary is dancing is my brother.

4)The boy ____ who/that /whom _________ Mary is dancing with is my brother.

5)Those ___who____ work hard will succeed in time.

II) 1)Children like reading books __ which/that _________ have wonderful pictures.

2)A plane is a machine __ which/that ________ can fly.

3)The pen __ which/that _______ my uncle gave me is missing.

4)The pen __ which/that ________ I’m writing with was given by my uncle.

5)The pen __with which__________ I’m writing was given by my uncle.

6)This is the factory ___which/that _____ his father works in. = in which his father works.

备注：that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,

二、先行词的区别用法

①一般用that而不用which

1)先行词为不定代词all, none, few, little, much, everything, anything, something, nothing等，或被这些词所修饰的时候

All (that) you have to do is to practice every day.

There isn’t much (that) I can do.

2)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.

The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.

This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen.

3)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.

This is the very book that I want to read.

This is the same book that I want to read.

4)当主句以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导.

Who is the man that is standing there?

Which of us that knows something about physics doesn’t know this ?

5)当关系代词在定语从句中充当表语时

They are no longer the men that they used to be.

6)先行词同时包含人和物的时候。

We talked about the persons and things that we could remember.

小试牛刀：

1)Anything ____ can burn is a source of heat energy.

2)This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .

3)They talked about things and persons ______ they remembered in the school.

4)Which is the book _______ you lost?

5)This is the best film _____ I have ever seen.

6)Please get ready for everything ____ we need.

7)This is the watch_________ I lost yesterday.

②但在下列情况下, 一般用which而不用that

a.关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语

Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.

b.在非限制性定语从句中

Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.

③但在下列情况下, 指人一般用who而不用that

1）先行词是one，the one, ones , anyone , those等代词

Those who respect others are usually respected by others.

2） There be 句型中

There are many people who are against the plan.
whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用, 即the+名词＋of which\whom或of which\ whom ＋ the+名词。
This is the book whose cover is blue.
This is the book of which the cover is blue.
Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?
He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.

Eg:

1.He lives in a house ______ windows face south.

=He lives in a house the windows of which/of which the window face south.

2.The book _______ cover is green is mine.

3.The boy ________ father is a doctor is warm-hearted.

4.China is country _______ population is the largest.

Part 3 定语从句的关系词（关系副词）

关系副词：when, where, why

Ⅰ 用适当的关系代词填空

1.This is the school__________ I’m studying at.
2.I will never forget the day on ___________I first came to Beijin.
3.I am live in the house _________ my parents once lived in.
4.He will never forget the day on _______ he joined the Party .
5.The factory in _______ my father works is in the east of the city.
6.This is the reason for_______ he was absent.

Ⅱ 自主探究：以上定语从句的引导词：in which/ at which/ on which/ for which 分别可以换成关系副词：______________________________.关系副词引导定语从句在句子中充当状语表地点，时间或原因，

温馨提示：推广的内容如有侵权，请您告知我们会在第一时间处理或撤销；互联网是一个资源共享的生态圈，我们崇尚分享。

推荐初高中生学习平板电脑（家教机）一台好的英语学习机一定是孩子自主学习的好帮手、拥有趣味学习的灵魂、具备因材施教精准学的逻辑、涵盖海量资源应有尽有的福利、实现减负增效一步到位的心声。奇速通英语学习机不仅能对中小学生进行英语听说读写诊断，还能帮助孩子尽快适应新学期节奏，激发出孩子们英语单次阅读的学习兴趣。既解决了家长辅导孩子学习之苦，也能进一步提高孩子孩子的学习动力。