英语作文能力的形成不是一日之功，须从平日的课堂学习中一点一滴抓起，持之以恒。或是由于粗心大意，或是由于英语基本功不扎实，抑或是由于英汉语言差异影响，考生作文中经常出现各种错误：如拼写错误，语法错误，中式英语错误等。而在中考英语作文的评分过程中，批卷者是专挑这些错误扣分的。下面分析考生作文中常见的十大错误：

 

1.主谓语一致

主谓一致指主语和谓语在人称、性、数方面的一致。例：

[误] Playing basketball not only strengthen my body but also give me much fun.

[正] Playing basketball not only strengthens my body but also gives me much fun.

分析：当主语和谓语间隔较大时，如此句中not only把主语playing basketball和第一个谓语strengthen分开，第二个谓语更远在but also后，这时很容易出现谓语忘记变化，造成主谓不一致的错误。

 

[误] Three months are quite a long time for me to catch up with other students.

[正] Three months is quite a long time for me to catch up with other students.

分析：当表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量等词组作主语时，常将其看作是一个整体，谓语动词要用单数形式。

 

2.动词时态变化

汉语动词无时态变化；而英语中共有16种时态，动词变化复杂。对于初中生而言，难理解和掌握的是现在完成时和过去时的区别。记叙文写作中常用过去时态。例：

[误] When I got to the cinema, the film was on for five minutes.

[正] When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.

分析：电影已经开始了，用完成时态。

 

[误] If it won’t rain tomorrow, I’ll go hikingwith my friends in the hills.

[正] If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I’ll go hikingwith my friends in the hills.

分析：主将从现，初二语法内容。

 

3.冠词缺失

冠词的使用是有一些语法规则的，如go to hospital和go to the hospital意思完全不同，再如so warm a day和such a warm day中冠词的位置是不同的。在学生写作或检查时，冠词往往是最容易被忽略的词。例：

[误] When she was ten,she began to play piano.

[正] When she was ten, she began to play the piano.

分析：表示乐器名词前加the; 与单数名词连用表示一类事物：如the cat；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the young年轻人，其他规则请参考语法书。

 [误] You will make mistakes if you do things in hurry.

[正] You will make mistakes if you do things in a hurry.

分析：a通常在可数名词单数前，但也有其他用法：如用于抽象名词in a hurry, at a loss, have a try; 用于集体名词a population of 1.3 billion等等。

4.代词指代

代词的变化形式首先要与其所指代的对象一致，其次要符合上下文的一致性及其逻辑关系。有些代词的用法要熟记，如one…the other/ another；some…others/ the other+名词; each的用法等等。例：

[误] The Greens tried his best to make me feel at home.

[正] The Greens tried their best to make me feel at home.

分析：the Greens指代一家人，代词应为their.

[误] The writer needs the other three months to finish his book.

[正] The writer needs another three months to finish his book.

分析：需要另外三个月，应用another.

 

5.宾语从句语序

宾语从句的语序问题一直是初中生容易写错的地方，从句部分应是陈述语序。例：

[误] I want to know when should we arrive at the airport? 

[正] I want to know when we should arrive at the airport.

分析：宾语从句中从句部分应用陈述语气，结尾标点符号应根据主句判断。

 

6.定语从句关系代词

定语从句是初中重要语法内容之一。关系代词：修饰人，一般用关系代词who, whom, whose 或that；修饰物，用关系代词which 和that，作宾语时可省略。 例：

[误]This is the only factory which they visited last summer holiday.

[正] This is the only factory that they visited last summer holiday.

分析：先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、或only修饰时，用that引导。

 

[误] Here is the jobwhat you're been looking for since you graduated from the university.

[正] Here is the job that you're been looking for since you graduated from the university.

分析：先行词为指物的不定代词时，定语从句用that来引导，that在从句中作宾语时可省略，而what不能引导定语从句。

 

7.固定搭配

学生们已经背过不少固定搭配，如look forward to +doing sth.；但对部分固定搭配的掌握还不够深刻，做语法题尚可，但在写作中往往常出错，如the reason for sth.而非of,例：

[误] English is very important for us when we go abroad.

[正]English is very important to uswhen we go abroad.

分析：be important to sb.或 be important for sb.to do sth.都是正确的，但无be important for sb.这种搭配，是学生作文中常见错误之一。

 

[误] I've been here for 5 years, so I used to live here.

[正] I've been here for 5 years, so I get used to live here.

分析：used to do表过去常常做某事；be/get used to do习惯于做某事，此句意思应为“习惯于住在这儿”，用be/get used to do