***知识清单***

Unit 1 People of achievement 

一、重点单词

1.vital adj 必不可少的，极其重要的；充满生机的

(1)至关重要 be of vital importance

(2)对......重要: be vital to/for 

(3)至关重要的是 It is vital that…

 

2.committed adj尽心尽力的，坚定的；坚信的，

→ commit vt.承诺，保证。犯（错误、罪行）

→ commitment n. 投入，奉献；承诺

(1)犯罪 commit a crime

(2)把某物投入到某事上 commit sth to sth

(3)抽出一小时读英语: commit an hour to reading English

(4)承诺做某事: commit sb/oneself to doing sth

=make a commitment to doing sth

(5)尽力做某事: be committed to doing sth

 

3.distinct . adj 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的

→ distinction n. 差别 特性；杰出；殊荣

(1)很明显...... It is distinct that….

(2)区分开来；区别对待: make a distinction

(3)没有区别: make no distinction

(4).......和......之间的区别: distinction between…and…

 

4. obtain (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 （规章、习俗等）存在；流行

(1)得到某人许可: obtain one’s permission

(2)获准进入、加入: get/ obtain an admission to

 

5.acknowledge vt. 承认（属实、权威等）：（公开）感谢

→ acknowledgment n.承认，答谢

(1)承认做某事: acknowledge doing sth

(2)承认...... acknowledge that….

(3)承认某人、事为......acknowledge sb/sth as…/to be…

(4)大家所公认的是...... It is universally acknowledged that…

 

6. defeat n.失败；挫败 vt 击败；战胜

(1)认输、接受失败、面临失败：admit/accept/face defeat

(2)惜败、惨败: a narrow/ heavy defeat

 

7. apparent adj 显而易见的

(1)显而易见的是......It is apparent that…

→ apparently adv 显而易见、显然

 

8. insist vi/vt 坚持；坚决要求

(1)坚决要求做...... insist on doing sth

(2)坚决要求某人做: insist that sb (should )+动词原形

 

9. conclusion n. 结论；推论

(1)得出结论：come to/draw/ reach a conclusion

(2)匆忙下结论: jump to conclusions

(3)使......结束:bring…to a conclusion

→ conclude n.总结

(1)最后......: to conclude

(2)以......结束conclude with

 

10. circumstance n 条件；环境；状况

(1)在任何情况下:in/under any circumstances

(2)如果情况允许: if circumstances allow/permit

(3)决不（=never）: in/under no circumstances(放句首时主句用倒装语序)

 

11.genius n 天才；天资；天赋

 (1)做某事的天才：a genius at doing sth

 (2)有（做）某事的才能 have a genius for doing sth

 

12.passion n 酷爱；激情

(1)充满激情地: with passion

(2)唤起某人的激情:arouse one’s passion

(3)充满激情: be filled with passion

(4)酷爱......have a passion for

→ passionate  adj.热情的

 

13.consequence n.结果；后果

 (1)结果，因此: 

as a consequence

==in consequence=as a result

(2)作为......、的结果: 

as a consequence of

==in consequence of =as a result of

(3)承担、承受、面临（某事的）后果: 

take/suffer/face the consequences of sth

(4)不重要的，无足轻重的: 

of little/no consequence

→ consequent adj 

→ consequently adv 结果，因此

 

14. encounter vt 偶然碰到；遇到 n 邂逅；遭遇

同义短语：偶然遇到；偶然发现; 

come across/run across

 

15. sum vi 总结；概括 n 金额；款项；总数；总和

(1)概括起来说: to sum up

(2)许多，大量: a sum of

(3)一大笔钱: a large sum of money

(4)作总结；概括地说: sum up

 

二、重点短语

stand up to 经得住（检验等）

1.支持，维护：stand up for

2.代表，象征: stand for

3.袖手旁观；支持某人；信守，遵守（诺言、协定）:stand by

4.突出，显眼，脱颖而出: stand out

 

come to power (开始) 掌权；上台（强调动作）

1.执政（状态）be in power

2.为某人能力所不及: beyond one’s power

3.在能力（权力）之内: within one’s power

 

take up 占用（时间），占据空间；接受；开始从事

1.占用大量的时间：take up a lot of time

2.占空间: take up space/room

3.开始从事写作:take up writing

4.拆开，拆卸: take apart

5.吸收；理解；收留；欺骗: take in

6.脱下；起飞；突然开始成功，突然大受欢迎；休假: take off

7.呈现；雇用；承担: take on

8.接管，接任: take over

9.注意到: take notice of

 

三、重点句式

1.On/upon +n/ving 是介词短语，表示“一......就......”作时间状语

教材原句

获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我......”

Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine….”

句式仿写

一旦看到它，你就永远不会忘记它。

On/upon hearing it, you will never forget it.

总结“一......就......”的其他表达法：

一......、就......（引导时间状语从句）as soon as

(1)Hardly/scarely…when…/ no sooner….than…(注意：当hardly. Scarcely, no sooner than 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构，从句不用倒装)

(2)一看见、听见......at the sight/sound of

(3)名词作连词、后跟句子 the moment/minute/instant/second+句子

(4)副词用作连词，后跟句子：immediately/instantly/directly+句子

 

2.It is an honor for sb/sth to do sth 对某人、某物来说做某事是个荣耀。

中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播，确实是一个荣誉。

It is indeed an honor for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to spread around the world.

句式仿写

我很荣幸能站在这里演讲。

It’s a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.

 

3.It strikes sb that….某人突然想到......

某人突然想到......的其他表达方式：

sth occurs to sb/sth hits sb/sth strikes sb/ 

It occurs to sb that…

t hit sb that …

句式仿写

我突然想到我们应该制订一个新计划。

It occurred to me that we ought to make a new plan.

Now it occurred  to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of cow was a bit of luck.

 

4.As though/if 从句（虚拟语气）

教材原句

他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。

He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.

注意：as if/though 从句用虚拟语气

从句用一般过去时（与现在事实相反）

从句用过去完成时（过去事实相反）

从句用would/ could/ might do形式（与将来的事实相反）

句式仿写

It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it(好像是我干的)？

He treats his elder sister as though she were a stranger.(好像她是一个陌生人)。 

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