作者:未知 时间:2022-01-29 阅读:( )
***课文听力和视频***
Unit 4 Body Language
一、单词转换
1.interact vi.相互作用, 相互影响
→interaction n.交流;相互影响
2.rely vi.依赖;依靠
→reliable adj.可靠的;可信赖的
3.anger n.愤怒;怒气 vt.使生气;激怒
→angry adj.生气的;恼火的
4.vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变
→various adj.不同的;各种各样的
→variety n.变化;品种;种类
5.approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过
→approval n.赞成;认可
→disapprove v.不赞成
6.differ vi.相异;不同于
→different adj.不同的;与众不同的
→difference n.差异;区别
→differently adv.不同地
二、一词多义
1.contrast n.差异;对照物 vi.& vt.形成对照;形成对比
①Today's work is quite a contrast to what you did yesterday.
(n.对照物)
②He contrasted the two different economic systems in his speech.
(vt. 对照;对比)
③This white peak contrasts finely with the blue sky.
(vi.形成对照;形成对比)
2.witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证 n. 目击者;证人
①She was a witness of the incident.
(n.目击者;证人)
②No one could witness that he was present.
(vt.见证)
③A carpenter was giving evidence about an accident he had witnessed.
vt.当场看到;目击
3.favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同
①I hate asking favours of people.
(n.帮助;恩惠)
②The teacher favours serious students.
(vt.较喜欢)
③Hot climate and plentiful rainfall favour the growth of plants.
(vt.有利于)
4.anger n.怒气;愤怒 vt.使生气;激怒
①His impolite words angered his teacher.
(vt.使生气;激怒)
②Though he felt his anger mounting, he kept perfect control of himself.
(n.怒气;愤怒)
三、重点词汇
1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变
The temperature varies from time to time.
温度常常变化。
The sword hardly varied in form from the 12th to the 15th century.
剑的样式从12 世纪到15 世纪几乎没有什么改变。
[知识拓展]
vary in sth.在某方面不同
vary with sth. 随……而变化
vary between...and...
=vary from...to...由……到……情况不等
→ variety n. 变化;种类;多样性
a variety of
=varieties of许多的;各种各样的
→ various adj. 各种各样的
由于各种原因,我不愿见他。
For various reasons, I'd prefer not to meet him.
=For a variety of reasons, I'd prefer not to meet him.
=For varieties of reasons, I'd prefer not to meet him.
2.approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过
In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
相反,在另一些国家,眼神交流并不总是被认可。
The minister approved the building plan.
部长批准了该建筑计划。
Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.
他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。
[知识拓展]
approve of 赞成;同意
approve of sb./sb.'s (doing)sth. 同意某人(做)某事
→ approval n. 赞成;同意;批准;认可
I don't need approval all the time.If someone does not approve of me, I will still be okay.
我不总是需要别人的认同,如果有人不认同我,我还是会觉得没事。
3.witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证 n.目击者;证人
A witness was examined by him in a court of law.
他在法庭上质问一个证人。
He gave witness on behalf of an accused person.
他为被告作证。
[知识拓展]
(1)witness sth. 目击了某事
witness to (doing)sth.证实,证明(做)某事
witness for 为……作证
(2)be a witness to sth.是某事的证据/证人
bear/give witness to 做……的证人;为……作证
司机作证说,他看到此人进入那栋大楼。
The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.
这些事实证明了他的粗心。
These facts are a witness to his carelessness.
The witness who witnessed the incident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness.
这个目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应做证人。
4.differ vi.不同于;相异
Japanese differs greatly from French in pronunciation.
日语发音和法语大不相同。
Conditions of employment differ according to the type of company you are working for.
雇佣条件因供职公司的不同而有差异。
[知识拓展]
differ from...与……不同/有区别
differ in...在……方面不同
differ with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人在某事上持不同(看法)
→ different adj.不同的
be different from... 与……不同
→ difference n.不同,差别
make a difference (to...)(对……)有作用或影响
Learners with different cultural backgrounds differ a lot in their thinking patterns and learning styles.The difference can be investigated and explained.
不同文化背景的学习者在思维模式和学习风格上有很大的不同。这种差异可以被研究和解释。
5.favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同
A mother shouldn't show too much favour to one of her children.
母亲不应该对一个孩子表现出过多的宠爱。
I must decline to show favour to any of the candidates.
我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。
[知识拓展]
do sb.a favour
=do a favour for sb.帮某人的忙
ask sb.for a favour
=ask a favour of sb.请求某人帮忙
in favour of... 支持……
in one's favour 对某人有利
今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗?
Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today? =Could you do a favour for me and pick up Sam from school today?
我想请你帮忙,你能把你的电话借给我吗?
I want to ask a favour of you; will you lend me your cell phone?
=I want to ask you for a favour;will you lend me your cell phone?
6.break down消除;分解;打破
Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.
我们的车坏了, 不得不把它拖到修车厂去。
By then the gate was being broken down.
那时候大门快要被砸开了。
[知识拓展]
break away from脱离;摆脱;挣脱;打破陈规
break in 闯入;强行进入
break out 突然发生;爆发(不用于被动语态)
break up 打碎;分裂;解体;解散
7.reliable adj.可信赖的;可靠的
It has a highly reliable control system.
它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。
He's a good musician and totally reliable.
他是个出色的音乐家,而且非常可靠。
[知识拓展]
a reliable friend 可靠的朋友
be reliable as 作为……是可靠的
→ rely v. 信任;信赖;依赖;依靠
rely on/upon 依靠;依赖
rely on it that... 相信
The land, the essential means of production, is the most reliable living security that the peasants can rely on.
土地作为基本的生产资料,是农民可以依赖的最可靠的生活保障。
8.bend vt.&vi.(bent, bent)(使)弯曲;倾斜;偏向
bend the truth 扭曲事理;歪曲事实
bend one’s mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事;专心致志
9.tendency n. 趋势;倾向
a tendency (for sb./sth.) to do ...
a tendency to/towards ... ... ...的倾向/
→ tend vt.往往会 vi.趋向 vi.&vt.照管;护理
四、重点短语
1.by contrast 相比之下
2.by comparison 与……相比较
3.look into 窥视;调查;过问
4.make inferences 推断;推论
5.break down 消除; 分解; 打破
6.straighten up 直起来,挺直;整理,收拾整齐
7.in other words 换句话说;也就是说
8.at work 有某种影响;起某种作用
9.call on 短暂访问(某人);号召;请求,邀请
五、重点句式
1.不定式短语作后置定语
(教材P38)For example, making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest.
例如,在一些国家,进行眼神交流——直视某人的眼睛——是表现出兴趣的一种方式。
句式分析:不定式短语to display interest作后置定语,修饰a way。
[例1] The meetings were a way to get acquainted with each other.
这些会议是一种相互结交的途径。
[例2] The best way to deal with a tease is to ignore him.
对付爱捉弄人的人的最佳方法就是不搭理他。
[知识拓展]
(1)在the first, the second, the last, the next, the only等词和形容词最高级后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。
(2)在time, way, chance, ability, promise等抽象名词后,常用不定式作定语。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The chance to go (go)for a picnic has been ruined.
②He is the only man to know (know)the truth.
③最好的旅行方式是坐高铁。
The best way to travel is to take a highspeed train.
④他总是第一个来,最后一个走。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
⑤多锻炼是保持健康的好方法。
It's a good way to keep fit with more exercise.
2.when doing...
(教材P38)In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.
在日本,当你和年长的人说话时,低头可能是对长辈的尊重。
句式分析:句中when talking to an older person是一个省略句,补全后为:when you are talking to an older person。
[例1] When seeing the naughty child, the teacher sympathized to his mother.
当看到那个淘气的孩子时, 老师对他的母亲表示很同情。
[例2] I kept a diary every day while (I was)travelling.
在那次旅行期间,我每天都写日记。
[知识拓展]
当when,while,before,after,unless,as if,if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①He won't come unless invited(invite).
②While playing (play)with his children outdoors, the father felt very happy.
③如果你被录用干这份工作的话,你会很快被通知到的。
If you are accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.=If accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.
3.比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义
(教材P39)And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
句式分析:句中nothing better than是比较级的否定形式表示最高级的含义。
[例1] Personally, she would like nothing better than to accept this invitation.
就她个人来说,她巴不得接受这次邀请。
[例2] Peter likes nothing better than going to the coast and messing about in his boat.
彼得最喜欢去海边,毫无目的地让船在海中漂荡。
[知识拓展]
最高级意义的多种表达法:
(1)否定词+形容词/副词比较级(+than)
(2)否定词+so/as +形容词/副词原级+as
(3)比较级+ than+all the other+名词复数the other+名词复数any other+名词单数any of the other+名词复数anything/anyone else
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I have never spent a more worrying(worrying)day.
②Tom is more intelligent(intelligent)than any other student/all the other students in his class.
③再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。
No other book has had a greater effect on my life.
④多么好的一本小说啊!我从未读过比这更感人的了。
What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving one.
⑤李洋在班里学习最努力。
Li Yang studies harder than anyone else in his class.
⑥在夏季炎热的下午,我想不出什么东西比一杯冰凉可口的啤酒更好。
I can think of nothing better than a nice cold beer on a hot summer afternoon.
1.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
[分析] 本句为复合句。动词ing形式using body language 作表语,that is appropriate to the culture you are in 为that引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a way;其中you are in是省略了that的又一个定语从句,修饰先行词the culture。
[译文] 最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。
2.There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.
[分析] 本句为复合句。连词and连接三个how引导的宾语从句,其中we are talking to是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句,修饰先行词someone,when we meet or part为时间状语从句。
[译文] 我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分手时的行为也存在差异。寒假预习必备|
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