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100 个公式 = 初中语法全掌握!学霸都在背的提分清单

作者:未知 时间:2025-11-13 阅读:( )

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以下是适合初一到初三学生的100个核心英语语法公式,按“基础句型→词法→时态→句式转换→特殊结构”分类,覆盖中考核心考点,方便学生分层背诵和应用:
 
一、基础句型(5个)
 1. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语(S + V + P):He is a student. 
2. 主语 + 不及物动词(S + V):They run fast. 
3. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语(S + V + O):She likes music. 
4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(S + V + IO + DO):I gave him a book. 
5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(S + V + O + OC):We keep the room clean. 
 
 
二、名词相关(6个)
 
6. 单数名词变复数(规则1):一般加-s → book → books 
7. 单数名词变复数(规则2):s/x/sh/ch结尾加-es → box → boxes 
8. 单数名词变复数(规则3):辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es → city → cities 
9. 单数名词变复数(规则4):f/fe结尾变v加-es → knife → knives 
10. 不可数名词量化:数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词 → a cup of water
11. 名词所有格(有生命):名词’s → Tom’s bag;复数s结尾加’ → teachers’ office  
 
 
三、代词相关(8个)
 
12. 主格代词作主语:I/you/he/she/it/we/they + 动词 
13. 宾格代词作宾语:动词/介词 + me/you/him/her/it/us/them 
14. 形容词性物主代词 + 名词:my/your/his/her/its/our/their + 名词 
15. 名词性物主代词单独使用:mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs 
16. 反身代词用法:主语 + 动词 + oneself/oneselves → He taught himself English. 
17. 指示代词:this/that(单数);these/those(复数) 
18. 不定代词some:用于肯定句/表请求的疑问句 → I have some pens. Can I have some? 

 

 

 

19. 不定代词any:用于否定句/疑问句 → I don’t have any pens. Do you have any?  
四、冠词相关(4个)
 
20. 不定冠词a + 辅音音素开头的单词 → a book/a university 
21. 不定冠词an + 元音音素开头的单词 → an apple/an hour 
22. 定冠词the + 特指的人/物/序数词/最高级 → the sun/the first book
23. 零冠词:三餐/球类/学科/星期/月份前不加冠词 → have breakfast/play football  
 
 
五、数词相关(6个)
 
24. 基数词:one/two/.../twelve/thirteen/.../twenty/thirty/.../one hundred 
5. 序数词(1-3):first/second/third 
26. 序数词(4-19):基数词 + -th → fourth/sixteenth 
27. 序数词(整十):ty变tie + -th → twentieth/fiftieth
28. 分数:分子(基数词)+ 分母(序数词,分子>1分母变复数)→ 1/2 one half;2/3 two thirds 
29. 年龄表达:基数词 + years old → He is 13 years old. = He is a 13-year-old boy. 
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六、形容词/副词相关(10个)
 
 30. 形容词作定语:形容词 + 名词 → a beautiful flower 
31. 形容词作表语:系动词 + 形容词 → The flower is beautiful. 
32. 副词修饰动词:动词 + 副词 → She sings well. 
33. 副词修饰形容词:副词 + 形容词 → a very beautiful flower 
34. 形容词比较级(规则1):一般加-er → tall → taller 
35. 形容词比较级(规则2):e结尾加-r → nice → nicer 
36. 形容词比较级(规则3):重读闭音节双写尾字母加-er → big → bigger 
37. 形容词比较级(规则4):辅音+y结尾变y为i加-er → happy → happier 
38. 形容词最高级(规则):加-est(变化同比较级)→ tall → tallest 
39. 比较级句型:A + be + 比较级 + than + B → Tom is taller than Jim. 
40. 最高级句型:A + be + the + 最高级 + 范围(in/of...)→ Tom is the tallest in our class. 
41. 副词比较级/最高级:规则同形容词(部分双音节词加more/most)→ fast → faster → fastest;slowly → more slowly → most slowly  
七、动词时态(16个)  一般现在时
 
42. 肯定句(主语三单):主语 + 动词-s/es → He plays football. 
43. 肯定句(非三单):主语 + 动词原形 → They play football. 
44. 否定句:主语 + don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形 → He doesn’t play football. 
45. 疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形?→ Does he play football?  #### 一般过去时 
46. 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 → She went to school yesterday. 
47. 否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 → She didn’t go to school yesterday. 
48. 疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形?→ Did she go to school yesterday?  #### 一般将来时 
49. 肯定句(will):主语 + will + 动词原形 → I will visit my grandma tomorrow. 
50. 否定句(will):主语 + won’t + 动词原形 → I won’t visit my grandma tomorrow. 
51. 疑问句(will):Will + 主语 + 动词原形?→ Will you visit your grandma tomorrow? 
52. 肯定句(be going to):主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 → She is going to study English. 
53. 否定句(be going to):主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形 
54. 疑问句(be going to):Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?  
现在进行时 
55. 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing → They are reading books now. 
56. 否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词-ing → They aren’t reading books now. 
57. 疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing?→ Are they reading books now?  
过去进行时 
58. 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 动词-ing → He was watching TV at 8 last night. 
59. 否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing 
60. 疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing?  
现在完成时 
61. 肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 → I have finished my homework. 
62. 否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 → I haven’t finished my homework. 
63. 疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词?→ Have you finished your homework?  
 
 
八、情态动词(8个)
 
64. can(能力):主语 + can + 动词原形 → He can swim. 
65. can(否定/疑问):can’t;Can + 主语 + 动词原形? 
66. may(许可/请求):主语 + may + 动词原形 → May I come in? 
67. may(否定/疑问):may not;May + 主语 + 动词原形? 
68. must(必须):主语 + must + 动词原形 → You must finish your work. 
69. must(否定/疑问):mustn’t(禁止);Must + 主语 + 动词原形? 
70. should(应该):主语 + should + 动词原形 → You should study hard. 
71. should(否定/疑问):shouldn’t;Should + 主语 + 动词原形?  
 
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九、句式转换(12个)
 
 否定句转换 
72. 实义动词(三单):主语 + doesn’t + 动词原形 → He doesn’t like coffee. 
73. 实义动词(非三单):主语 + don’t + 动词原形 → They don’t like coffee. 
74. 系动词/情态动词:主语 + 系动词/情态动词 + not → She isn’t happy. He can’t fly.  
一般疑问句转换 
75. 实义动词(三单):Does + 主语 + 动词原形?→ Does he like coffee? 
76. 实义动词(非三单):Do + 主语 + 动词原形?→ Do they like coffee? 
77. 系动词/情态动词:系动词/情态动词 + 主语?→ Is she happy? Can he fly? 
特殊疑问句转换 
78. 对人提问(who):Who + 动词?→ Who is that? Who likes coffee? 
79. 对物提问(what):What + 一般疑问句?→ What do you want? 
80. 对地点提问(where):Where + 一般疑问句?→ Where do you live? 
81. 对时间提问(when):When + 一般疑问句?→ When will you come? 
82. 对方式提问(how):How + 一般疑问句?→ How do you go to school? 
83. 对数量提问(how many):How many + 复数名词 + 一般疑问句?→ How many books do you have?  

 

 
 
十、被动语态(6个)
 
84. 一般现在时被动:主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 → The letter is written by her. 
85. 一般过去时被动:主语 + was/were + 过去分词 → The letter was written by her yesterday. 
86. 一般将来时被动:主语 + will be + 过去分词 → The letter will be written by her tomorrow. 
87. 被动语态否定:主语 + am/is/are/was/were/will be + not + 过去分词 
88. 被动语态疑问:Am/Is/Are/Was/Were/Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词? 
89. 被动语态结构:动作承受者 + be + 过去分词 + by + 动作执行者  ### 
 
 
十一、非谓语动词(6个)
 
90. 动词不定式(to do)作宾语:动词 + to + 动词原形 → want to do/decide to do 
91. 动词不定式(省略to):情态动词/使役动词(let/make)+ 动词原形 → let him go/must study 
92. 动名词(doing)作主语:Doing + 谓语动词(单数)→ Reading is good for you. 
93. 动名词(doing)作宾语:动词 + doing → like doing/enjoy doing/finish doing 
94. 介词 + doing:介词 + 动词-ing形式 → be good at doing/look forward to doing 
95. 不定式作目的状语:主语 + 动词 + to + 动词原形(表目的)→ He went there to buy a book.  
 
 
十二、连词与复合句(8个)
 
96. and(并列):A and B → I like coffee and tea. 
97. but(转折):A but B → I like coffee but I don’t like tea. 
98. or(选择):A or B → Do you like coffee or tea? 
99. if引导条件状语从句(主将从现):If + 一般现在时,主句 + 一般将来时 → If it rains, we will stay at home. 
100. when引导时间状语从句(主将从现):When + 一般现在时,主句 + 一般将来时 → When I grow up, I will be a teacher.  
 

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