英语从句是不是你的语法“重灾区”？主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语从句傻傻分不清，一做题就错？其实，从句的核心逻辑很简单——根据在句中充当的成分分类，掌握引导词和语序规则，就能轻松突破！

今天这篇文章，把5大从句的核心知识点、使用规则和易错点一次性整理清楚，还搭配了针对性练习和答案，帮你边学边练，彻底攻克从句难题～

一、主语从句：句子当“主语”

主语从句是用一个句子充当整个句子的主语，通常位于句首；为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语从句放在句末。

核心考点

1. 引导词：that（无意义，不可省）、whether（是否，不可用if替换）；what/who/which等连接代词；when/where/why/how等连接副词。

2. 谓语动词：从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。

3. 形式主语结构：It + be + 形容词/名词 + 主语从句；It + 不及物动词（seem/appear等）+ 主语从句。

经典例句

• What he said surprised everyone.（他说的话让所有人都很惊讶。）

• It is important that we keep healthy.（我们保持健康很重要。）

• Whether he will come is still unknown.（他是否会来还不清楚。）

 

 

 

 

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二、宾语从句：句子当“宾语”

宾语从句用在动词、介词或形容词后，充当宾语成分，是最常用的从句之一。

核心考点

1. 语序：必须用陈述语序（主语+谓语，切记不要倒装）。

2. 引导词：that（无意义，动词后可省，介词后/并列从句中不可省）；whether/if（是否，介词后/与or not连用只能用whether）；连接代词/副词。

3. 时态：主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态；从句表客观真理，时态不变。

经典例句

• I don’t know where she lives.（我不知道她住在哪里。）（陈述语序）

• He asked me if I had finished my homework.（他问我是否完成了作业。）

• The teacher told us the moon goes around the earth.（老师告诉我们月亮绕着地球转。）（客观真理，时态不变）

三、表语从句：句子当“表语”

表语从句位于系动词（be/look/seem/become等）后，补充说明主语的性质、状态或内容。

核心考点

1. 引导词：that（无意义，不可省略）；whether（是否，不可用if替换）；as if/as though（好像）；连接代词/副词。

2. 固定结构：The reason is that...（原因是……，切记不用because）；It seems as if...（看起来好像……）。

经典例句

• My dream is that I can travel around the world.（我的梦想是环游世界。）

• The reason for his absence is that he was ill.（他缺席的原因是他生病了。）

• It looks as if it is going to snow.（天好像要下雪了。）

四、定语从句：句子当“定语”

定语从句修饰名词或代词（即先行词），位于先行词后，相当于一个形容词，所以也叫“形容词性从句”。

 

 

 

 

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核心考点

1. 关系词选择：根据先行词（人/物/时间/地点/原因）和关系词在从句中作的成分（主语/宾语/定语/状语）判断。

2. 关系代词省略：关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可省略。

3. 只能用that：先行词是不定代词、被最高级/序数词修饰、既有人又有物时。

4. 只能用which：非限制性定语从句（先行词后有逗号）、关系代词前有介词时。

经典例句

• The girl who is reading a book is my sister.（正在看书的女孩是我妹妹。）（who指人，作主语）

• This is the park where we met last time.（这是我们上次见面的公园。）（where指地点，作状语）

• All that he did is right.（他做的一切都是对的。）（先行词是不定代词，用that）

五、状语从句：句子当“状语”

状语从句修饰动词、形容词或副词，按功能可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果等9类，核心是用不同引导词表不同逻辑关系。

核心考点

1. 主将从现：时间/条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。

2. 易错搭配：though/although（虽然）与but不能连用；so...that（如此……以至于，后接形容词/副词）与such...that（后接名词短语）的区别。

3. 目的状语：so that（为了，后接句子）；结果状语：so...that/such...that（以至于）。

经典例句

• I will go shopping if I am free tomorrow.（如果明天我有空，我就去购物。）（主将从现）

• Though he is tired, he still keeps working.（虽然他很累，但他仍继续工作。）（不用but）

• He is so tall that he can reach the top of the shelf.（他个子很高，能够到架子顶部。）（so+形容词）

• It was such a wonderful trip that we all enjoyed it.（这次旅行太美好了，我们都很喜欢。）（such+名词短语）

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一、填空题（10题）

1. The news ______ our team won the game made us excited.

2. I wonder ______ he will arrive here tomorrow.

3. This is the house ______ I lived when I was a child.

4. ______ he said at the meeting moved everyone.

5. The reason ______ she was late is that she missed the bus.

6. It is necessary ______ we should learn English well.

7. He asked me ______ I had seen his new bike.

8. ______ it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.

9. The girl ______ mother is a teacher is my classmate.

10. He spoke ______ he knew everything about the matter.

二、选择题（10题）

1. I don’t know ______ book I should choose.
A. that B. which C. what D. who

2. This is the man ______ we met at the party last night.
A. who B. which C. what D. whose

3. ______ he is very young, he knows a lot of knowledge.
A. Because B. Though C. If D. As

4. The question is ______ we can finish the work on time.
A. that B. if C. whether D. what

5. I will call you ______ I get to Beijing.
A. when B. while C. as D. since

6. He runs ______ fast ______ no one can catch up with him.
A. so; that B. such; that C. as; as D. so; as

7. ______ you do, I will support you forever.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However

8. My idea is ______ we should start early tomorrow morning.
A. that B. if C. whether D. what

9. This is the place ______ the great writer was born.
A. which B. that C. where D. what

10. She studies hard ______ she can get good grades in the exam.
A. so that B. because C. though D. if

三、句子改写题（5题）

1. He said. He will visit his grandparents this weekend.（合并为宾语从句）

2. The boy is my brother. He is playing basketball on the playground.（合并为定语从句）

3. The weather is bad. We can’t go hiking.（用结果状语从句合并）

4. She will come to the party. I am not sure.（合并为宾语从句）

5. He is very short. He can’t reach the apple on the tree.（用结果状语从句合并）

参考答案

一、填空题

1. that 2. when/if/whether 3. where 4. What 5. why

2. that 7. if/whether 8. If 9. whose 10. as if/as though

二、选择题

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. A

三、句子改写题

1. He said that he would visit his grandparents that weekend.

2. The boy who is playing basketball on the playground is my brother.

3. The weather is so bad that we can’t go hiking.

4. I am not sure if/whether she will come to the party.

5. He is so short that he can’t reach the apple on the tree.

 

 

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最后总结

英语5大从句的核心区别，就在于在句中充当的成分不同：主语从句作主语，宾语从句作宾语，表语从句作表语，定语从句作定语，状语从句作状语。

只要记住“先判断成分，再选引导词，最后核对语序和时态”这三步，从句问题就能迎刃而解。平时多结合例句理解，再通过练习巩固，相信你很快就能熟练掌握！