作者:未知 时间:2015-06-15 阅读:( )
1.actual / real / true
actual:实际的,现实的。例如:
例575:Could you offer us the actual figures? (您能否为我们提供实际的数字?)
real:真的。与“假的”相对。指物品的外表与实质一致,不是仿造或模型之类的东西。例如:
例576:Give your real name.
例577:Was it a real man you saw or a ghost? (你看到的是真的人还是鬼魂?)
true:真实的,真诚的,真正的。指现实中存在的而不是想象或虚构的东西,多用来修饰抽象名词。例如:
例578:I don’t think what he has said is true.
例579:They are true friends.
例580:He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
例581:Is it true that the plastic model in your shop is as big as a real girl?
(你商店里的塑料模特与真实的女孩一样大是真的吗?)
例582:It’s a true story, based on actual events. (这是个基于现实的真实故事。)
2.afraid / fearful
afraid:害怕,担心。是形容词;be afraid to do表示“害怕”,be afraid of doing表示“担心”,be afraid (that) …表示“恐怕,担心”。例如:
例583:Don’t be afraid.
例584:The boy was afraid to get close to the dog, for he was afraid of being bitten.
例585:I’m afraid we shall be late for school.
fearful:害怕的,担心的。fear是动词或名词;动词与be afraid往往可以通用,但不如be afraid常用。例如:
例586:We fear no difficulty.
例587:He feared to speak his mind. (他不敢说出他的想法。)
例588:Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.(担心他会着凉,我出去看他。)
例589:I fear it’s not so. (恐怕不是这样。)
例590:She stood there in fear.
3.alike / similar
alike:意指“几乎同样”,常用作表语,不可直接放在名词前面。例如:
例591:Mary and Ann are alike in many ways.
例592:All music is alike to Tom. (各种音乐在汤姆听来都一样。暗指没有鉴赏力。)
similar:指在很多方面相似,但不是全部;be similar to与……相似。例如:
例593:We have similar tastes in music. (我们对音乐有类似的鉴赏力。)
例594:Tom’s voice is very similar to his brother’s.
4.alive / living / live
alive:还活着的。只当表语或后置定语。例如:
例595:The driver remained alive after the terrible accident.
例596:Is he the only person alive after the crash?
living:有生命的。例如:
例597:There are all kinds of living things on the earth.
live:活的(相对于已死的,常用来修饰动物);现场的。例如:
例598:Look! There lies a live fish in the basin.
例599:It was a live broadcast. (这是现场直播。)
5.all / whole / total
all:所有的。常用于the,that,物主代词或数词之前。修饰可数名词时,指“三个或三个以上都……”;也可用来修饰可数名词的单数形式或不可数名词,指“整个的”。例如:
例600:Will all the girls please stand over there?
例601:All the apples were eaten. (所有的苹果都给吃了。)
例602:All the apple was eaten. (整个苹果都给吃了。)
例603:All the milk was drunk. (全部的牛奶都给喝了。)
例604:Not all the food was shipped from the south. (并非所有的食物都是从南方运来的。)
whole:整个的,全体的(其前加the或形容词性的物主代词等,修饰单数名词);整整的(其前常加表示整数的数词,修饰复数名词);完整的,齐全的,无缺的,无损的。例如:
例605:The whole apple was eaten. (整个苹果都给吃了。)
例606:Five whole apples were eaten. (整整五个苹果都给吃了。)
例607:The dish is still whole for all the shocks. (虽然受了很多震动,盘子依然无损。)
total:完全的,总的。例如:
例608:After that, there came a moment of total silence. (随后一片寂静。)
例609:What are your total debts?
6.alone / lonely
alone:单独的(多作表语或状语)。lonely:孤独的,寂寞的;荒凉的(多作定语或表语)。例如:
例610:At that time he lived alone on the lonely island. Though he was alone, he did not feel lonely. In fact, he enjoyed his life there. (当时他孤身一人住在荒岛上。尽管他孤独一人,可他并没有感到寂寞。实际上,他很喜欢那里的生活。)
7.anxious / eager
anxious:渴望的,焦虑的。含有未知结果如何,有些为之担心的意味。例如:
例611:I am anxious about his health; he often works overtime.
例612:The girl is anxious for a new dictionary.
例613:She was anxious to know the result of the exam, as she left at least three questions undone. (她急着想知道考试结果,因为她至少有三道题没做。)
eager:渴望的,热切的。着重指渴望什么或渴望做什么的热情或迫切心情。例如:
例614:They are eager for success.
例615:He is eager to join the Party.
例616:I was eager to get back to work as soon as possible. (我渴望尽早回来工作。)
8.asleep / sleepy / sleeping
asleep:睡着的。表示状态,只当表语或后置定语。fall asleep表动作。例如:
例617:The baby is now asleep.
例618:She did not fall asleep until daybreak. (她到拂晓才入睡。)
sleepy:困的,欲睡的。例如:
例619:The baby is sleepy; its head is nodding.
sleeping:睡觉的。表示正在睡觉的动作。例如:
例620:Don’t shout! You may wake up the sleeping baby.
9.big / great / large
big:大的。常用词语,也较口语化。例如:
例621:I’ve caught a big fish.
例622:He is a big boy now.
large:大的,巨大的。也是常用词语,但不如big口语化。例如:
例623:Our factory is a large one.
例624:A large number of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.
great:大的,伟大的,重要的。常带有感情色彩。例如:
例625:The Chinese people are a great people.
例626:His research has been of great practical value. (他的研究很有实用价值。)
10.bright / clever / wise
bright:聪明的,伶俐的。尤指青少年和小孩。例如:
例627:His teacher said he was not bright and not worth teaching.
clever:聪明的,机敏的。可指人,也可指动物。例如:
例628:What a clever boy / monkey!
wise:聪明的,明智的,英明的。可指人、行为、语言、计划等。例如:
例629:A wise person is one who has much knowledge and the ability to use it well.
(英明的人是指一个知识丰富并有能力运用好这些知识的人。)
例630:Lincoln is considered to be a wise leader.
例631:It’s generally considered not wise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
(通常认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。)
11.common / popular / ordinary / general / usual / normal
common:普遍的,一般的,大众的。例如:
例632:Colds are common in winter. (在冬季,感冒很普遍。)
例633:This is common sense. (这是常识。)
例634:It is common knowledge that travel broadens the mind.
(旅行能拓宽视野这是众所周知的事。)
例635:Jack is a common name in Britain.
popular:大众的,受欢迎的。例如:
例636:He is a popular star in this area.
例637:His teaching method is successful, so he is popular with the pupils.
ordinary:普通的,平凡的,不出众的。例如:
例638:I use ordinary gas. (我用普通汽油。)
例639:Jack is an ordinary-looking man. (杰克相貌平平。)
general:一般的,总体的,大体的。常指同类中的近乎全部。例如:
例640:The general opinion is in favor of him. (几乎全部的观点都支持他。)
例641:You should have a general idea of what you want to express.
(你应该对你所要表达的有一个整体上的概括。)
usual:通常的,往常的。例如:
例642:It is usual for him to give things up halfway.
例643:He came to school at usual hour this morning.
例644:She was sitting on the usual chair.
例645:As usual, they’d left the children at home with Susan.
例646:He arrived earlier than usual.
normal:正常的,正规的,常态的。如:
例647:The normal temperature of the human body is about 37℃.
例648:It’s normal to feel nervous before an exam. (考前紧张是很正常的。)
例649:All I want is to lead a normal life. (我所想要的就是过个正常的生活。)
12.elder / elderly / older
elder:年长的,资格老的(只当定语,不当表语);可作名词,复数意为“长辈”。elderly:过中年的,近老年的(形容词);到了晚年的人(名词)。older:年龄大的(可当定语和表语);较旧的(指物)。例如:
例650:The elderly gentleman standing there said, “ My elder brother is three years older than me.” (站在那里的那位老先生说:“我哥哥比我大三岁。)
例651:We learn from our elders.
例652:His schoolbag is older than mine. (他的书包比我的旧。此处不能用elder。)
13.everyday / every day / daily
everyday:形容词,意为“日常的,普通的”。every day:作状语,意为“每天,天天”。daily:可作形容词(=everyday);也可作副词(=every day);还可作名词,意为“日报”。例如:
例653:We learn everyday English every day.
例654:Study is just part of daily / everyday life.
例655:She pays a visit to the old man daily / every day.
例656:Reading China Daily can improve our English rapidly.
(阅读《中国日报》能迅速提高我们的英语水平。)
14.false / wrong
false:虚假的;错误的,表示所说的、想的与实际情况相违,含有假冒、欺骗之嫌。如false teeth / hair假牙/假发。又如:
例657:Please decide whether the following statements are true or false.
wrong:错误的,不正确的,无假冒、欺骗之意。例如:
例658:He may be wrong in his opinions, but he is not false in trying to impress them on others.(也许他的观点是错误的,但他试图让人记住这些,这并不假。)
15.farther / further
farther:更远。further:更远;更进一步,更深一层。作为“更远”,二者可以通用。若表示“更进一步,更深一层”,只能用further。例如:
例659:He was too tired to walk any farther/further.
例660:The problem must be further discussed next time.
例661:Mr. Wang went abroad for further study last year.
16.fast / quick / rapid / soon
fast:快的,迅速的。指速度迅速。例如:
例662:This is a fast train.
例663:He’s one of the fastest runners in the world.
例664:I always keep my watch 15 minutes fast. (我总是让我的表快十五分钟。)
quick:快的,迅速的;机敏的。指立即行动、毫不延迟;动作敏捷。例如:
例665:We’re expecting a quick reply from the company.
例666:Robertson’s quick thinking saved the little girl’s life.
(罗伯逊敏捷的思维救了那个小女孩的命。)
例667:She’s a quick learner.
rapid:快的,迅速的。比较具体,常指流水、发展、进步等方面的“快”。例如:
例668:I’ve made rapid progress in English.
例669:The patient made a rapid recovery. (病人康复很快。)
soon:快,早。指时间。例如:
例670:He’ll be here soon.
例671:Try and get the car fixed as soon as possible.
17.foolish / silly / stupid
foolish:愚蠢的。指缺乏智慧或判断力。例如:
例672:It would be foolish of us to quarrel. (我们争吵是愚蠢的。)
silly:傻的,糊涂的,幼稚的。指头脑简单、不懂事,或指言行无聊。例如:
例673:The silly child is always asking silly questions.
stupid:笨的。指生性迟钝或反应迟钝,有时含有顽固、固执的意味。例如:
例674:How I wish I had your brains! I’m too stupid.
例675:If you’re stupid enough to skate on the lake, you deserve to fall in.
(如果你硬是要在这湖上滑冰,掉下去活该。)
18.possible / probable / likely
possible,probable和likely都有“可能的”的意思。possible和probable只能以事情作主语,常用“It is ~ (for sb) to do sth或It is ~ that …”句型,probable的可能性较大;likely的主语可以是人、事或物。例如:
例676:He is likely to come this afternoon.
例677:It is likely that he will come this afternoon.
例678:It is possible that he’ll come.
例679:It is probable that he’ll come. (他很可能会来。)
19.sick / ill
sick:病的;恶心的(可作定语或表语)。ill:病的(可作表语,不当定语);坏的(通常作定语,不作表语)。例如:
例680:—You look pale. Are you sick / ill? (你脸色苍白,病了吗?)
— No, I’m just feeling sick on the ship. Ill habit! (不,没有,只是晕船。坏毛病!)
例681:He was unable to join the army because of ill health. (他没能参军,因为身体不好。)
20.silent / quiet / calm / still
silent:安静的,寂静的,沉默不语的。表示不说话、不弄出声响,但不一定指没有活动。例如:
例682:The boy sat there, silent.
例683:The class was silent as the teacher explained the exam rules.
(当老师解释考规时教室里寂静无声。)
quiet:安静的,宁静的。用于自然环境,指没有喧闹的寂静状态,相当于peaceful(宁静的,平静的,安宁的 / 和平的, 爱好和平的);指人时,表示生性安静、沉默寡言的、不易激动。例如:
例684: As we were walking along the quiet / peaceful lake, he just kept silent all the time. But in fact, he is not a quiet man. (当我们沿着宁静的湖岸散步时,他自始至终一言不发,可实际上他并不是沉默寡语的人。)
例685:Be quiet. Your father is sleeping now. (安静点,你爸爸正在睡觉呢。)
calm:平静的,冷静的,镇静的。例如:
例686:The sea is now calm.
例687:Keep calm in time of danger. (危险时要保持冷静。)
still:静止的,不动的。例如:
例688:Please keep still while I’m taking your photos.
例689:The saying “Still waters run deep” is used to say that someone who is quiet may have very strong feelings or a lot of knowledge. (“静水流深”这个谚语用来指生性安静的人也许有着强烈的情感或丰富的知识。)
21.special / especial / particular / peculiar
special:特别的,特殊的,专门的;专程的。例如:
例690:Are you doing anything special for Christmas?
例691:This is a special room for you.
例692:I came here specially to see you. (我是专程来看你的。)
especial:特别的,尤其的。(英国英语,正式用语,相当于special,但special含有“专门的,专程的”之意)例如:
例693:This is an issue of especial importance. (这是个特别重要的问题。)
例694:I came here to see my friends, especially you. (我来看朋友,特别是你。)
particular:特别的,尤其的;挑剔的。例如:
例695:I didn’t have any particular plan in mind.
例696:The old lady is really particular about what she eats. (老太太对吃的特别挑剔。)
peculiar:特有的,独具的。例如:
例697:That is his peculiar character. (那就是他的独特性格。)
22.wide / broad
wide:宽的,宽阔的。指距离宽,是常用词语,也可用来形容人的眼睛、嘴巴;可以用于引申意义,表示“广泛的、渊博的、丰富的”等。例如:
例698:The road is ten meters wide.
例699:He has a wide knowledge of French history. (他非常了解法国历史。)
broad:宽广的,辽阔的。常用于形容领土、疆土或人的肩膀、背、胸襟、思想等。如:
例700:The ships are now sailing on the broad ocean.
例701:Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open.
例702:He has a broad mind. (他有广阔的胸怀。)
23.worth / worthy
worth和worthy都有“值得的”的意思。worth后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,或接表示钱数或相当于“代价”的比喻性名词,只当作表语;worthy可以作表语(后接of,再接名词或动名词的被动形式,或直接跟不定式的被动形式),可以作定语(是“有价值的、可尊敬的”的意思)。例如:
例703:It is worth every penny of it. (所花的每分钱都值得。)
例704:Smith is a worthy gentleman. (史密斯是个可敬的人。)
又如,“这地方值得参观。”有以下不同表达:
例705:The place is worth visiting.
例706:The place is worthy of a visit.
例707:The place is worthy of being visited.
例708:The place is worthy to be visited.
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