初中英语词语辨析主要出现在单选或完形填空中,在平常的英语学习中,同学们可能缺少系统的词语辨析训练,所以考试遇到这类考点总是失分。
今天小编要跟大家分享的就是中考英语的50组重点词语辨析,帮助大家扫清词语辨析的障碍!
after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中。
She went after three days.
in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中。
She will go in three days.
2. how long, how often, how soon
how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。
how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问。
—How often does he come here? —Once a month.
how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问。
3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some
few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”。
few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词。
several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思。
some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量。
the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指。
We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other.
another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个。
She has taken another of my books.
5. spend, take, cost, pay
spend的宾语通常是时间,金钱,在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语。
She spent the whole evening in reading.
take常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语。
How long will this job take you?
cost 指花费时间、金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态。
How much does the jacket cost?
pay主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)。
I pay for my rooms by month.
6. speak, say, talk, tell
speak的意思是“讲话;演讲”,着重指说话的动作,指开口说或连续不断地说,多用作不及物动词;用作及物动词时,其宾语是语言名称,
He can speak Japanese. 他会说日语。
say的意思是“说;讲”,一般用作及物动词,着重指说话的内容。它的宾语可以是名词、代词或直接引语等。
She says, “Don’t draw on the wall!”
talk的意思是“说;讲;谈话”,与speak意义比较接近,但不如speak正式,着重强调两人之间的相互谈话,也可指单方面的谈话。
She is talking with John in English。
tell意为“告诉;讲述;吩咐”,多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人,常接双宾语,除了story, news, truth, joke, lie(谎言)等直接宾语外,还可以接人等间接宾语。
She is telling the children a story。
between 的意思是“在……中间,在……之间”,一般指在两者之间。
There is a table between two windows.
between有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间。
the relationship between different provinces and municiplities
省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系)
among 的意思是“在……中间;在……之中”,一般指在三个或三个以上的同类事物之中。
The teacher distributed them among the students.
这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同。
We won the match/game/race/the first place.
9. agree with, agree on, agree to
We all agree on (making) an early start.
agree with表示“与……意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见?看法的名词或what引导的从句。
I agree with you without reservation。
We agree with what you said just now.
agree to后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等词句。
I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件。
10. bring, take, carry,fetch
这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。
Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work.
Take the box away, please.
carry表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手甚至用头。
This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers.
Please fetch me the documents in that room.
两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同。each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有“所有的”的意思。
She knows each student of the class。
She knows every student of the class.
no one指“没有人(只能指人,不能用来指物)”,意思与nobody相同,作主语时不必跟of连用,
No one believes him since he is not honest.
none指“一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单复数都可以,但在 “主+系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。
None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties.
13. go on doing, go on to do, go on with
这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思,其区别如下:
go on doing表示“继续做,一直在做某事(中间无间断)”;
go on to do表示“接着做某事”,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;
go on with也表示“继续做某事”,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去。
二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词、副词,不可修饰动词。
You have given us too much. 你给我们的太多了。
Don’t drink too much wine. 不要饮太多的酒。
She talks too much. 她说话太多。
二者都可表示“孤独,独自”,alone指客观存在的“孤独”,而lonely更偏重一种主观感受上的“寂寞”。
Mary lived alone, but she didn’t feel lonely.
16. happen, take place与occur
happen有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物、情况的发生。
Whatever has happened to your arm? It’s all swollen.
occur 指有计划地使某些事“发生”,有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中。
Did it occur to you to phone them about it?
具体事物、事件作主语时,happen和occur可以通用。
The accident happened/occurred yesterday.
take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性。
The meeting took place last night。
17. in front of, in the front of
There is a tree in front of the house.
in the front of的意思是“在……前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面。
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
He found a bag on the floor.
find out指“经过,探听,询问”,指调查之后的“发现”或“弄清楚”。
Please find out who took my book by mistake.
这三个词都作“声音”解,在表示“听到声音”这个意思时,三者可以通用,但它们又各有特定的含义。
sound 作“声音”解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,
noise作“噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音?它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。
Another kind of pollution is noise.
voice 作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声。
He shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊。
I have no voice in the matter.
arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)。
We arrived at the station five minutes late.
They will arrive in Paris next Monday.
When we got to the park, it began to rain.
reach是及物动词(较 get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)。
He reached Beijing yesterday.
21. be afraid, be afraid of, be afraid for
(1)be afraid意为"害怕",如果后接宾语从句,意为"恐怕……",
I am afraid I can't help you.
(2)be afraid of+名词/代词/动名词,意为"害怕某人/做某事",
I am afraid of going out at night.
be afraid for后习惯接表示人的代词,表示"替某人担心"。
I am afraid for you.我替你担心。
(1)二者都有"借"的意思,使用时应注意以谁为中心的问题,borrow是
以"我"为中心,"借进"的意思,常与from连用。
I've borrowed two books from the library.
(2)lend是以"你"为中心,意为"借出",常跟介词to搭配。
Can you lend your dictionary to me?
borrow sb. sth; lend sb. sth.
23. bring, take, fetch, carry
(1)bring意为"带来",指把某物从别的地方带到说话时的这个地方来。
Remember to bring your book tomorrow.
(2)take意为"带走",即把某物带到别的地方去。
It's going to rain. You'd better take an umbrella with you.
(3)fetch意为"去取来某物",它包括一个往返的过程。
Will you go and fetch some water?
(4)carry一般指"随身携带的细小物品",此外还多用于汽车、火车等交通工具,意为"运载"的意思。
He always carries a pocket dictionary with him.
by、with、in都可以表示使用"工具"、"手段"。它们的区别是:
by表示"以……方式(方法、手段)"和"乘坐某种交通工具";
He goes to school by bike.
Jim is climbing the tree with a ladder.
Can you say it in English?
25. be used for, be used as, be used by
(1)be used for 在这个短语中,介词for表用途,即"用来作……"。
A pen is used for writing.
(2)be used as 在这个短语中,介词as表身份或工具,即"……被用作……"。
English is used as a useful tool in our country.
(3)be used by 短语中,介词by后接使用的执行者,"为……所使用"之意。
English is used by travelers and business people all over the world.
(1)besides与except用于肯定句时,except意为"除……之外(不再有)";besides意为"除……之外(还有)"。
I have another blue pen besides this one.
We all passed the exam except Tom.
我们都通过了考试,汤姆除外。(整体中……汤姆一人不及格)
(2)except前几乎总有all、any、every、no及其复合词等词。
He answered all the questions except the last one.
(3)except后接名词、代词、动名词和原形动词,这时except=but;但except后跟副词、介词短语时,不能用but代替。
The window is never open except in summer.
He did nothing except/ but clean the house.
27. by the way, on the way, in the way
(1)by the way 常用作状语,意为"顺便问一下","顺便说一下"。
By the way, how old are you?
(2)on the way "在……的路上",后接名词时需加介词to,后接副词home、here、there时不加to。
He bought a pen on his/ the way to school.
Your car is in the way.你的小汽车挡路了。
28. get, turn, grow, become, be
(1)get较口语化,表示进入或变成某种状态,通常与形容词或形容词比较级连用,表状态。
The days get shorter and shorter.
(2)turn 有"成为和以前完全不同的东西"的含义,后接形容词或过去分词。
The trees turn green in spring.
(3)grow表示逐渐变为新的状态的含义、着重变化过程。
My little brother is growing tall.
(4)become用法较为正式,强调由一种状态向另一种状态的变化。后接形容词或名词。
(5)be表示"成为"的意思,多用于将来时,祈使语气或不定式。
I want to be a teacher when I grow up.
(1)hard adj.& adv. 作形容词时,有"难的","硬的"意思,作副词时,有"努力地"、"猛烈地"等意思。
We must work hard for our country.
It rained hard yesterday.
(2) hardly adv. "简直不"、"几乎不",在句中起否定作用。
I could hardly write at that time.
30. hear, hear of, hear from
(2)hear of = hear about 为不及物动词,指某人间接地"听别人说起……",
I have heard of the writer but I have never seen him.
(3)hear from 一般后接 sb. 指"收到……来信"。
31. join, join in, take part in
这三个词组在汉语中都表示"参加",但在英语使用中是有区别的:
(1)join通常指参加某种固定的组织、团队、军队等,强调成为其中一员。
He joined the party in 1927.他1927年入党。
(2)join sb. (in) doing sth."和某人一起干某事"。
Why not join us in buying Susan gift?
(3)join表示"参加某项活动"时,和take part in 可换用,但前者侧重娱乐、欣赏,而后者更侧重身体力行,参加在其中。
She has never joined/ taken part in such an interesting game.
(4)take part in 指参加各种活动,包括文娱、体育、比赛、斗争、罢工等。
Are you going to take part in/ join in the discussion?
32. look, see, watch, notice, read
(1)look为不及物动词,一般后接介词at使用,表动作。
Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。
(2)see 指人肉眼所能涉及的范围,表示结果"看见"。
Can you see the word clearly?
固定短语:see a film; see sb. off (给某人送行);let me see.
(3)watch= look at sb./ sth. carefully"仔细观看,注视"。
watch TV; on watch(值班、守望);
(4)notice"注意到,提醒别人注意"等意思,汉语中常有"通知、启示、告示"之意。
The thief looked around the house.When he made sure that no one was noticing him,
he jumped into the room through the open window.
小偷向房子四周张望,当他确信没人注意他的时候,迅速从开着的窗户跳进房间。
这两个介词引导的介词短语一般作后置定语,表示"关于"的意思,但各有侧重。
(1)on 侧重论述,多用与论述涉及比较深广的重大国际、政治、学术、专著等问题。如:
This is a book on the radio.
(2)about侧重叙事,多用与个人事迹,故事内容一般的文章等较肤浅的问题。如:
This is a book about the radio.
34. problem, question, matter
(1)problem多指"习题,问题",通常也指要解决或决定的问题,
He is thinking about a maths problem.
(2)question 常指由于对某事感到疑惑不解而提出需要解答的问题,常与ask和answer连用。
May I ask a question?我可以问个问题吗?
(3)matter意为"事情"、"问题",常指遇到意外的麻烦或令人烦恼的"问题"。
What's the matter with you?你怎么啦?
这两个词都是及物动词,表示"接到、收到"的意思,但有区别:
I received a letter yesterday.
(2)accept强调立场上的结果,表"领受、接受"意义。如:
I received his gift but I didn't accept it.
(1)so that"以便"、"为了",常引导目的状语从句。
He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.
so that所引导的状语从句中谓语动词前一般有情态助动词can/may等。
(2) so…that"如此……以至……",that 后常跟结果状语从句。
He is so tired that he can't walk any further.
37. very, quite, rather, too
very good/ bad/ beautiful;
(3)rather 带有贬义,有"批评"、"鄙视"之意。
(4)too也带有贬义,在这些词中程度最大,有"过于"、"太……"。
这两个词都作"是否"解,引导宾语从句时,二者可互换。
People often ask me whether/ if I like football.
但在下列情况中不能用if, 只能用whether。
(1)当whether与or not连成一个词组时。如:
I don't know whether or not he would come for our help.
(2)whether 引导的(主语)从句放在句首时。如:
Whether this is right or not, I can't say.
Whether you will go is none of my business.
(3)whether + to do sth. 复合结构,可以作宾语。
He hasn't decided whether to go or not.
39. in hospital, in the hospital
在英国,in hospital 是"住院"的意思,hospital 具有抽象化的涵义,不指某个具体的医院,故前面不用冠词。如:
He is ill in hospital. 他生病住院了。
in the hospital 意为"在医院", 在这里,hospital 指一家具体的医院。例如:
In the hospital, the woman finds her husband.
(1)worth 表示"值"、"相等于…的价值"。表示"价值…"的意思时,常与表示钱方面的名词连用;表示"值得…"的意思时,常与名词连用。它一般用作表语。常用下面两种句型:
It + be worth (one's) while + 动名词(或不定式)。
The city is well worth visiting twice.
(2)worthy 作"值得"、"应……的"、"足以……"解。用作形容词时,表示对某事有资格或合适的意思,通常作表语用。后接of短语或不定式。它还可表示可尊敬的,有价值的等到意思,用作定语。
She is worthy of praise.= She is worth praise.
这三个形容词都表示"活着的、有生命的",但在使用的范围和场合上有差异。
alive 是表语形容词。用用"活着"解时,通常用于人,很少用于物或比喻场合。此外,alive还可表示"有生气的、活泼的"。
在be alive with短语中,表示"(某处)充满……"。
The child was found alive by the roadside.
living 既可作表语又可作定语,可用于人也可用于物或比喻场合。
Of all living writers, I admire Mr. Shaw most.
live 仅作定语,除在诙谐的场合用于人外,主要用于动物和无生命的东西。
a live mouse, live coal, a live wire (带电的电线)
This morning I bought some live fish from the market.
这三个词都表示"好"的意思,但它们在词性和修饰的对象方面有所不同。
good news好消息;good points优点;a good year好年成。
She is a good singer. 她是一个好歌手。
well, "好、令人满意地",是副词,用来修饰动词,如:
well done干得好,live well生活得好。
Kate doesn't sing well, but she dances well.
表示身体健康要用well不用good, 这时well是形容词。如:
I'm feeling very well today. 我今天感觉身体很好。
nice,"好的","好看的",是形容词,用来修饰名词。在表示"好"的含义与good不一样。如:
a nice girl一个好看的姑娘;nice weather好天气。nice 也可以表示"愉快的", 但在修饰程度上与good不一样。如:
43. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes 统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数;
He was killed in the accident.
amount of money;a number of students
例:My family is a happy one.
China has a large population.
weather指一天内具体的天气状况;climate指长期的气候状况。
The climate here is not good for you.
二者均指工作。work指无差别的人类劳动,不可数;job指具体某一项工作,可数,a good job。
50. trip, journey, travel, voyage
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