备战2021年中考英语（仁爱版）-词汇专题-动词的使用技巧

一：动词的含义

动词,就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇.基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结.表示动作和状态的词叫做动词. 英语动词语法体系(英语动词语法系统) "动词"，顾名思义即是表示动作、动态的一个个词。通常在一个句子里会包含"主语"、谓语、宾语。动词一般作为谓语。系动词

系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词。有些不具词义；有些具有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

二：动词的使用技巧

有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：

Food goes bad in summe.

He went to school at six.

1）状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

He is a teacher.　他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）

2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand，例如：

He always kept silent at meeting.　他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery.　此事仍是一个谜。

3）表象系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look，例如：

He looks tired.　他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad.　他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste，例如：

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.

例如：

He became mad after that.　自那之后，他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time.　她没多长时间就富了。

6）终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out，表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：

The rumor proved false.　这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult.　搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success.　他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）

助动词

最常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would ）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：

He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。

（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)

2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：

a. 表示时态，例如：

He is singing. 他在唱歌。

He has got married. 他已结婚。

b. 表示语态，例如：

He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句，例如：

Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？

Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？

d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：

I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气，例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

半助动词

功能介绍 在功能上介乎主动词和助动词之间的一类结构，称为半助动词。常见的半助动词有be about to,be due to,be going to,be likely to,be meant to,be obliged to,be supposed to,be willing to,have to,seem to,be unable to,be unwilling to等。

情态助动词

情态助动词1.情态助动词包括will(would),shall(should),can(could),may(might),must,need,dare,ought to,used to,had better后接原形不定词。2.情态助动词不受主词的人称和数的限制。3.两个情态助动词不能连用。中文：他将能够及时完成此事。(误)He will can finish it i......

基本助动词

基本助动词基本助动词只有三个：be,do,have，他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。例如 He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。He doesn't smoke.......

短语动词

动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词（Phrasal Verb）。例如：

Turn off the radio.　把收音机关上。（turn off是短语动词）

短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：

1） 动词+副词，如：back out；

2） 动词+介词，如：look into；

3） 动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词（Particle）。

非谓语动词

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。

1）不定式

时态\语态　主动　被动

一般式　to do　to be done

完成式　to have done　to have been done

2）动名词

时态\语态　主动　被动

一般式　doing　being done

完成式　having done　having been done

3）分词

时态\语态　主动　被动

一般式　doing　being done

完成式　having done　having been done

否定形式：not +不定式，　not + 动名词，　not + 现在分词

一个动词可以在有的场合下及物，有的场合下又不及物。像"kick"这个动词，在"kick the ball"里，"kick"是"及物"动词，"及"什么"物"呢？这里的"物"就是"ball"；但是如果只说"kick"，就是"蹬，跺"，"我跺脚"就只是"I kick"2个词就够了，一个主语一个谓语，我跺脚的动作不涉及宾语，不涉及我跺了什么，就是我跺脚这个动作而已。

习题

一、单选题

1."One Belt(带)，One Road"will serve to________markets for China as well as other countries along．

A. put up

B. set up

C. take up

D. open up

2.—I have no idea ____________ tell her the bad news. —I think tomorrow is the best time.

A. how to

B. when to

C. how

D. when

3.I'll go to visit your uncle as soon as I Beijing.

A. get to B. will get to C. got to

4.—Do you take exercise every day?

—Yes, I always ________________ half an hour walking after dinner.

A. spend

B. take

C. cost

D. pay

5.Don't worry. All the patients __________by the doctors and nurses in Wu Han nowadays.

A. are good taken care of

B. take good care ofC. are taken good care of

D. take well care of

6.— Mum, I'm sorry I _________ my English test again, though I had tried my best.

— Oh, believe in yourself and you'll make progress at last.

A. passed

B. failed

C. took

7.- How do you study English?

- By ______ lots of English books and magazines.

A. read

B. to read

C. readed

D. reading

8.I _____________ the newspaper while my mother ______________ TV plays yesterday evening.

A. was reading; was watching B. was reading; watchedC. read; was watching

D. read; would watch

9.— Listen! Helen is singing in the classroom.—It _______ be Helen. She has gone to Shanghai.

A. mustn't

B. may not

C. can't

D. should

10.By the time he at the railway station, the train .

A. had arrived; had left B. arrived; had left C. arrived; left D. had arrived; has left

11.—Which one do you like best at the fair?

— The monitoring instrument invented by a teenager.

A. made…by hand

B. made…for the first time

C. made…for me

12.He often makes his little sister .

A. cry

B. crying

C. cried

D. to cry

13.When the telephone rang, Tony a cartoon.

A. watched

B. watch

C. was watching

14.—Mum, ________ I do my homework tonight?

—No, you ________. But you must finish it before Sunday.

A. need; mustn't

B. must; needn't

C. must; mustn't

15.——Could I have some snacks between meals, mum?——No, you __________.

A. couldn't

B. shouldn't

C. can't

D. might not

16. from the junior high school means a lot to me.

A. Graduate

B. Graduating

C. Graduated

D. Graduates

17.—I don't mind giving you a detailed explanation of what happened that day.

—You ________. I'm not asking you for it.

A. needn't

B. couldn't

C. need

D. could

18.I suggest ________ at the station.

A. meet

B. to meet

C. meeting

D. met

19.—My father is against wasting anything.

—No wonder he would rather ______ the old mobile phone than buy a new one.

A. repair

B. repaired

C. to repair

D. repairing

20.China's high—speed railways _____ from 9,000 to 29,000 kilometres in the past few years.

A. are growing

B. were growing

C. will grow

D. have grown

21.The traffic policeman always warns the drivers ____________ after drinking wine(酒).

A. doesn't drive

B. not to drive

C. to drive

22.He ___________ for two years.

A. has died

B. has been dead

C. has dead

D. die

23.Students shouldn't be allowed others homework.

A. copy B. copying C. to copy D. copied.

24.When I as well as my cousins __________ as a volunteer in Beijing, I saw the Water Cube twice.

A. were treated

B. treated

C. was served

D. served

25.— Your hometown is beautiful, and the air is really fresh.

— Yes. Many trees and flowers _____ around here every year.

A. plant

B. are planted

C. was planted

D. will plant

26.________ is a kind of exercise.

A. To run

B. Run

C. Running

D. Ran

27.The books ______ to the students in the poor areas.

A. give

B. will give

C. are given

D. will be given

28.— Although they feel tired, they still go on working.

— Well, I suggest they have a rest. If they have a good rest, I think they can work better.

A. hate

B. stop

C. continue

29.My grandma _______ to the radio when I got home just now.

A. listens

B. listened

C. is listening

D. was listening

30.—Must I pay for the bill now, boss?—No, you __________ pay for it after the meal.

A. needn't

B. can't

C. may

D. should

31.The police required the traveler ____ for his luggage.

A. check B. to check C. checking D. checked

32.Tim won the first prize in the piano competition. His parents ________him.

A. take care

B. look up

C. take pride in

D. wait for

33.Jill_______be in the office now. She has gone to the reading room.

A. can't

B. mustn't

C. needn't

D. shouldn't

34.We will go for a picnic if it _____ tomorrow.

A. doesn't rain

B. wasn't rainy

C. won't rain

35.— Mary, I remember you several years ago.

— Yes, I for 3 years.

A. married, have married B. married, married C. married, have been married

D. have married, have been married

36.It's said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There ____________ be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.

A. wouldn't

B. shouldn't

C. needn't

D. mustn't

37.Just before the Chinese class, I suddenly realized that I forgot _______ my Chinese text book.

A. bring

B. bringing

C. and bring

D. to bring

38.—Do you have any plans for tonight?—Yes , I____ at the new Italian restaurant in town.

A. eat B. have eaten C. ate D. am going to eat

39.Nanlin Primary School in 2021. My son can go to that school next year.

A. complete

B. is completed

C. will be completed

D. will complete

40.—Do you know why the teacher Bill yesterday?

—Because he had a fight with his classmate.

A. praised

B. punished

C. met

D. sent

二、语法填空

41.You'd better ________ (wait) for her on the station platform.

42.I'm always afraid of ________ (go) out alone at night. I'd rather stay at home.

43.The telephone rang while my family ________ (sleep).

44.Soft music always makes me ________ (feel) relaxed.

45.I am happy that I am comfortable with________ (speak) Chinese now.

46.Simon________（prefer） to stay at home last night.

47.—What do you think of my plan?

—Sorry. What's that? I ________ (listen) to my favourite song.

48.My brother John ________(arrive) in Beijing in two hours.

49.Our school newspaper ________ (publish) twice a month.

50.We can see two boys ________ (play) on the playground now.

 

答案

一、单选题

1. D

2. B

3. A

4. A

5. C

6. B

7. D

8. A

9. C

10. B

11. B

12. A

13. C

14. B

15. C

16. B

17. A

18. C

19. A

20. D

21. B

22. B

23. C

24. D

25. B

26. C

27. D

28. C

29. D

30. C

31. B

32. C

33. A

34. A

35. C

36. B

37. D

38. D

39. C

40. B

二、语法填空

41. wait

42. going

43. were sleeping

44. feel

45. speaking

46. preferred

47. was listening

48. will arrive

49. is published

50. playing

 

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