2014年全国卷I阅读理解B篇重点单词、语块

1. pigeon [ˈpɪdʒɪn] n. 鸽子

2. passenger pigeons 旅鸽

3. unbelievable [ˌʌnbɪˈli:vəbl] adj.难以置信的

4. account [əˈkaʊnt] n. 描述；叙述

5. written accounts 书面记述；文献

6. describe [dɪˈskraɪb] vt. 描述

7. flock [flɒk] n. (鸟)群

8. darken [ˈdɑ:kən] vt. 使变暗

9. calculate [ˈkælkjuleɪt] vt. 计算；估算

10. population [ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn]n.

（动物的）总数

11. billion [ˈbɪljən] n. 十亿

12.(be) equal to 等于；相当于

13.percent [pəˈsent] n. 百分之……

14. abundant [əˈbʌndənt]

adj. 丰富的；充足的

15. as late as 1870直到1870年

16. mile [maɪl] n. 英里

17. kilometer ['kɪləˌmi:tə(r)] n. 千米

18. abundance [əˈbʌndəns]n. 大量；充裕

19. undoing [ʌnˈdu:ɪŋ]n. 毁灭的原因

20. everlasting [ˌevəˈlɑ:stɪŋ] adj. 永恒的；无穷无尽的

21. supply [səˈplaɪ] n.供应；提供

22. commercial [kəˈmɜ:ʃl]adj. 商业的

23. hunter [ˈhʌntə(r)] n. 猎人

24. attract [əˈtrækt] vt. 吸引

25. clearing [ˈklɪərɪŋ] n.林中空地

26. grain [greɪn] n. 谷物

27. settle [ˈsetl] vi. 降落

28. throw nets 撒网

29. at a time 一次

30. decade [ˈdekeɪd] n. 十年

31. the closing decades of the 19th century

19世纪最后的几十年

32. the hardwood forests硬木森林

33. nest [nest] vi. 筑巢；巢居

34. damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ]vt. 毁坏；破坏

35. scatter [ˈskætə(r)] vt. 驱散

36. force sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事

37. temperature [ˈtemprətʃə(r)]n. 气温

38. contribute [kənˈtrɪbju:t] to促成

39. decline [dɪˈklaɪn] n. 减少，下降

40. prohibit [prəˈhɪbɪt] vt. 禁止

41. sizable ['saɪzəbl] adj. 相当大的

42. confirm [kənˈfɜ:m] vt. 证实

43. shoot [ʃu:t] vt. 射杀

44. county [ˈkaʊnti] n. 县

45. for a time 有一段较短的时期

46. survive [səˈvaɪv] vi. 生存；存活

47. under human care 在人类的照料下

48. (be) known as 被称为

49. affectionately [əˈfekʃənətli] adv. 亲切地

50. zoological [ˌzəʊəˈlɒdʒɪkl]adj. 动物学的

课后练习（一）

Passenger pigeons (旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.

Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群)so large that they the sky for hours.

It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands,

Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century ,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by American's need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.

In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wi pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time , a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.

1. In the 18th and early 19teh centuries, passenger pigeons____.

A. were the biggest bird in the world

B. lived mainly in the south of America

C. did great harm to the natural environment

D. were the largest bird population in the Us

2. The underlined word " undoing" probably refers to the pigeons' ____.

A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution

3. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?

A. To seek pleasure. B. To save other birds.

C. To make money. D. To protect crops.

4. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?

A. It was ignored by the public. B. It was declared too late.

C. It was unfair. D. It was strict.

参考答案：DBCD

课后练习（二）

For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.

Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.

To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.

Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.

Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.

Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.

But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.

The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.

1.The underlined expression "stomach it" in Paragraph 1 most probably means "______".

A.digest the meal easily

B.manage without breakfast

C.decide wisely what to eat

D.eat whatever is offered

2.Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?

A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.

B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.

C.They could walk at an average speed.

D.They had slow metabolic rates.

3.What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?

A.They successfully lost weight.

B.They consumed a bit more calories.

C.They burned more fat on average.

D.They displayed higher insulin levels.

4.What could be learned from the research?

A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.

B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.

C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.

D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.

答案1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D

 

 

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