众所周知，在英语高考试题中，总词汇量最多、阅读量最大、分值最高、考试分配时间最长的是阅读理解题。因此，高考英语越来越重视对考生阅读能力的考查。

纵观历年高考阅读理解试题，其题型设计主要有主旨大意题、事实与细节题、推理判断题、猜测词义题。而其中细节理解题所占比重最大。今天我们为老师及学生们整理了该题型的命题特点、设问方式及解题技巧以深入的剖析。

多数情况下，命题人不会明确地呈现一个事实，需要学生根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。还要特别注意文章的时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的发展、和人物之间的关系。

考查文章细节理解的测试题的常见问题：

① This article is particularly written for .?

② When the writer says … he really means .?

③ The author's attitude to… is that .?

④ What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage?

⑤ The writer regards… as .?

⑥ The writer's purpose in writing this story is .

高考细节理解题主要考查考生对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的辨认能力，分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。

1.直接辨认

细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息，要求学生记住重要的细节，在需要的时候能准确而迅速地将他们回忆出来。

2.间接辨认

间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息进行同义转换，用同义或近义的形式复述出来，为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义，以检测考生的句义复述能力。

 

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具体可细分为以下几种形式：

No.1

排序题

这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。

解题方法可采用“首尾定位法”。即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。

常见命题形式有：

Which of the following is the correct order of…?

Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?

No.2

同义（反义）转换题

近年来高考中部分细节理解测试题已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力。

No.3

数字转换题

此类题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出转换关系，通过计算，得出正确结论。这类计算题一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。通常采用的方法有“列表法”、“推算法”等。

考题探究

Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds(灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好斗的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.

Greyhounds can live for 12-14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don't need a lot of space, don't make a lot of noise, and don't eat a lot for their size.

Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.

Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because theyre slim(苗条的)they dont have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold. Especially since they would much rather be at home in bed thanwalking around outside.

1.Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?

A. They are big in size.

B. They live a very long life.

C. They can run races for some time.

D. They are quiet and easy to look after.

 

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2 . If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important .

A. to keep it slim

B. to keep it warm

C. to take special care of its legs

D. to take it to animal doctors regularly

 

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学海导航

1.D 从题目可以看出该题目是考查对文章细节理解的题目。结合语境，注意上下文的关系，注意查找关键信息。由文章的第二段的内容来看，文章用了三个具有否定意义的排比句They don't need a lot of space, don't make a lot of noise, and don't eat a lot for their size.，分析了灰狗的习性和特点，尤其是在点明了they make great pets之后，又对其原因进行了分析，此时我们就可以根据文章的讲解来推断题目。故该题目的关键是对文章第二段的内容进行分析，归纳，然后得出结论。

2.B 由题目可知该题应该是个对文章细节的推断题。由该题考查的内容，我们可以讲注意力放在文章的最后一段。最后一段中提到灰狗没有其他类型狗的腿的毛病，因此 C项错误。文章特别提到they do feel the cold.，说明他们怕冷，因此就需要保暖了。故B项是正确答案。

 

 

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