1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【解析】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
2.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove，I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
【解析】考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on，故将off改为n。
3.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）＂Not that way，＂my mom tried to stop us but failed.
【解析】考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me。
4.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【解析】考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
5.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
【解析】考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。every day 译为“每一天”，前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余，应去掉。
6.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
【解析】考查代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子，best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
6.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70． earth, Mother Nature.
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
7. （2020·江苏卷单项填空）Taking on this challenge will bring you someone who shares your interests.
A. in exchange forB. in answer toC. in contact withD. in memory of
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for作为交换；B. in answer to回答；C. in contact with接触，与……有联系；D. in memory of纪念。根据空后someone who shares your interests及常识可知，此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选C。
8. （2020·江苏卷单项填空）This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for .
A. whicheverB. wheneverC. whereverD. whatever
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。A. whichever无论哪个；B. whenever无论何时；C. wherever无论何地；D. whatever无论什么。分析句子成分可知，此处做goes for的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever符合语境。故选D。
9．（2020·天津卷单项填空）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake a monkey.
A．in the shape of B．beyond the reach of
C．at the mercy of D．on the side of
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A. in the shape of呈……形状；B. beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外C. at the mercy of 受……的支配；D. on the side of拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。
10.（2020·山东卷语法填空）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42． (they) living at a different time in history or 43（walking）(walk)through a rainforest.
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
11.（2020·山东卷语法填空）Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。
12.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56．，through agriculture.56．
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived ”应是之前名词the world的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
1.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than who are not.
A. ones B. those C. these D. them
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】27.Favorable policies are to encourage employees' professional development.
A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。
3.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensiveto perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”，意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
4.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs，seven to be exact.
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
5.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 61 this question is not clear.
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
6.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）Nervously facing (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to 3 (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【解析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourself in the historical environment that is created for them.
【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把 yourselves改为 themselves。
8.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 62 (get)there.
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time to do sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用how long 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to get。
1.【2018·北京】14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.
【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。
点睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for为……预约。
2.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went .
A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random
【解析】句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但它毕竟还是去了。at first 首先；after all毕竟，终究；above all首先；at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面的情况相反，所以选B。
点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。
33.China’s soft power grows the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to
C. in return for D. in honour of
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与...一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为 ... 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。
点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别。
4.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
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