例句1：(2012全国Ⅱ E篇阅读) Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.”

译文：仁慈的父母不知不觉地让自己的孩子变得难以抵御失败。生于1980至2001的孩子，在成长过程中，因为每个孩子都被认为是赢家，所以他们在体育中所获得的分数和成绩常常被淡化。

高级词汇有：

unknowingly, defenseless, 

generation, performance, 

played down

 

 

 

例句2： (2013江苏D篇阅读) It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men, however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism.

译文：一个有头脑的女子就该与男子有同等的机会，无论由于性别歧视她会感到多么的不利，这已经是一个最终普遍承认的事实。

高级词汇有：

universally，acknowledged，

brains，deserves，

equal opportunities，

however disadvantaged

 

还是以上面的例句1为例：

 Kind-hearted是合成形容词。

left their children defenseless against failure是一个leave +宾语+ 宾补结构，against failure也是一个高级表达。

born between 1980 and 2001是一个过去分词词组作定语修饰The generation。playing sports是现在分词短语作状语表示伴随。

where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.”是一个定语从句修饰sports，这个定语从句中又含有一个由because引导的原因状语从句。这里面含有综合复杂的语法现象。

 

 

再看例句2：

finally and universally acknowledged是一个复杂的分词词组作定语，修饰truth，that引导的是一个主语从句，it是形式主语。

with brains是介词词组作定语修饰a single woman。however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism是主语从句中的让步状语从句。

 

 

例句3：(2012湖北C篇阅读) It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland’s oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education. A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers. 

译文： 这是一封简单的信，要求入读苏格兰最古老的大学，这会对在高等教育中进行改革有所裨益。这封信是被研究员们发现的，信出自一位女士的手，已有140年历史，内容是要求入读圣安德鲁斯大学（St. Andrews University）的医学课程。

asking for a place to study at Scotland’s oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education是一个现在分词词组作定语，修饰letter。

划线部分是一个由which引导的定语从句，其先行词是university。

written by a lady是过去分词词组作定语，修饰letter。

calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University是现在分词词组作定语，也修饰letter。

calling for her to be allowed to study medicine是动词+宾语+宾补结构，宾补to be allowed 是被动结构，to study medicine也是宾补结构。

 

 

 

例句4：（2012 广东完形）For instance, we should not hurt or bully(欺负) others, nor should we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.

译文：比如，我们不应该伤害或者欺负别人，也不应该乱扔垃圾。规则告诉我们什么是对什么是错。

解析：

nor引导一个分句，放在另一个否定句的后面，表示“……也不”。

nor放在句首，该分句要倒装。neither也可这样用，意思同nor。

as/so用法类似，只不过它们引导肯定句，nor/neither引导否定句。

 

如果按照语法分类收集经典长难句，就会接触到各种疑难语法现象，并将其归类，自然会对这些疑难由陌生到熟悉，由熟悉到精通。

 

 

例句5：（2014重庆C篇阅读）Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.

译文：尽管这一切听起来很有趣，但它仍然相当混乱，最好在理论上阅读，而不是在实践中执行。

这句话长度不吓人，词汇也不那么生僻，但是要准确翻译和分析并非易事。

第一句就是一个特殊的让步状语从句，把表语放在了句首，非常不符合我们的思维习惯，后面的主句是一个由and连接的并列分句，第二个分句省掉了is，是被动语态，而且以比较级的形式出现。

例句6： (2015全国新课标ⅠB篇阅读首段) Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part—particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables—was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.

第一句讲了各种活动塞满了周末，然后出现了转折词but，引出了本文的主角the best part。

破折号是解释，先忽略不计。

接着看破折号后面的内容was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call，其中that及其后面的是定语从句，先放一边，整段(也是整句)的核心出现了：the best part was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market。这样就去繁为简，抓住主干，段落核心就浮出水面，文章到底要讲什么一目了然。 

 

所以复杂经典句的分析就是先忽略从句，修饰语，去掉枝叶露出句子主干，分清主句主要成分，大意就清楚了。然后理清修饰成分与主干哪部分有关系，整个句子的意思就基本清楚了。

 

 

例句7：Many operations that were considered impossible and risky a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S. hospitals.

去掉修饰语“that were considered impossible and risky a few years ago”后句子就简单多了，“许多手术现在在美国的医院里天天进行”。

从句是修饰“Many operations”的，现在加上定语，整个句子译为“许多几年前被认为不可能的且有风险的手术现在在美国的医院里天天进行。”