作者:未知 时间:2021-01-26 阅读:( )
北师大版高中英语选修6 Unit16 知识点总结
1.abandon vt. 放弃,遗弃
2.preserve vt. 保护,保存
3.witness v. 目击,为……作证 n. 目击者,见证人
4.occur vi. 发生
5.loss n. 遗失,丢失
6.gather vi.&vt. 聚集
7.sympathy n. 同情
8.burst vi. 爆炸;冲,闯
9.complex adj. 复杂的
10.eager adj. 渴望的,热衷的
11.expand v. 扩大,扩充
12.severe adj. 严重的;严厉的
13.breakthrough n. 突破,重大发现
14.tremble vi. 颤抖,发抖
15.apparent adj. 明显的,显而易见的→apparently adv.明显地;显而易见地
16.significance n. 重要性;意义→significant adj. 重大的,有意义的
17.discourage vt. 使泄气,使灰心→courage n. 勇气→encourage vt. 鼓励
18.particularly adv. 特别地;特定地→particular adj. 特别的,挑剔的
19.criteria n. (评判的)标准(复数)→criterion n. (评判的) 标准(单数)
20.troublesome adj. 引起麻烦的→trouble n. 麻烦
21.fantasy n. 想象(幻想)物→fantastic adj. 空想的;了不起的;无法实现的
22.restriction n. 限制,约束→restrict vt. 限制,约束
23.characteristic adj. 典型的 n. 特点;特征→character n. 性格;人物
24.origin n. 起源,开端;出身→original adj. 最初的;起先的;独创的
25.abnormal adj. 反常的,不正常的→normal adj. 正常的,通常的
26.unbearable adj. 不能忍受的→bearable adj. 可忍受的→bear vi. 容忍,忍受
27.gradual adj.逐渐的→gradually adv.逐渐地
28.tense adj. 紧张的→tension n.紧张
29.admirable adj. 令人钦佩的→admire vt.钦佩
30.suffering n.痛苦,困难→suffer v.遭受;受难
31.applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌→applause n.鼓掌;掌声;喝彩
1.后缀some的形容词
①hand→handsome 英俊的
②awe→awesome 令人惊叹的
③trouble→troublesome 令人烦恼的
④tire→tiresome 烦人的
2.后缀al的形容词
①origin→original 原始的
②person→personal 个人的
③occasion→occasional 偶尔的
④condition→conditional 有条件的
⑤globe→global 全球的
⑥culture→cultural 文化的
3.由un+v.+able构成的词
①unbearable 不能忍受的
②unbelievable 不能相信的
③unforgettable 难忘的
④unavoidable 不可避免的
Ⅱ.短语回顾
1.come_into_view 出现
2.knock_sb._over 撞倒某人
3.block_out 堵住
4.in_a_way 从某种程度上说
5.on_the_way_to 在去……的路上
6.name...after 以……的名字给某人/某物命名
7.hold_up 支撑起
8.end_up_with 以……结束,以……告终
9.put_up_with 容忍,忍受
10.in_particular 特别,尤其
11.once_upon_a_time 从前
12.on_one's_side 侧身
13.split_up (使)解散;决裂
14.pay_rise 增加工资
15.come_across 偶然遇见
16.count_on/upon 依靠
17.figure_out 理解
18.now_that 既然,由于
1.表示“指望,依靠,依赖”的短语
①count on
②depend on
③rely on
④figure on
⑤lean on
⑥calculate on
2.表示“偶然遇见”的短语小结
①run into
②run/come across
③knock into
④meet with
⑤come upon
3.“查字典”的多种表达
①refer to the dictionary
②look up a word in the dictionary
③consult the dictionary
④turn to the dictionary
Ⅲ.佳句背诵
1.Another man, lying on his side, looks as if he is trying to get up.
侧躺着的另一个人看上去好像在试图站立起来。
[点拨] as if 引导表语从句。
2.Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
既然海伦理解了学语言的关键,她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。
[点拨] now that 既然,由于,引导原因状语从句。
3.It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch.
这是海伦第一次理解这么复杂的单词——一个代表她触碰不到的东西的单词。
[点拨] It is/was+序数词+time(+that)...句型。
4.The day started to go wrong the instant I left home.
我刚一离开家,天气就开始变糟。
[点拨] the instant 是一个名词词组,用作连词,引导时间状语从句,表示“一……就……”。
5.Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then undersatnd anything unless I touched it.
她的话让我感到非常困惑,因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。
[点拨] unless 引导条件状语从句,意为:“除非,如果不”。
考点单词:
1.abandon vt. 遗弃;抛弃;丢弃;放弃;中止;(与oneself 连用)使放纵,使听任;n.放任;放纵
I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other lesscompetitive event.
我希望运动会可以废弃并由一些竞争不太激烈的项目代替。
(1)abandon one's hope/plan 放弃希望/计划
abandon oneself to... 沉湎于……,纵情于……
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
with abandon 放纵地;放任地
(2)abandoned adj. 无约束的;放荡的
Those who abandon themselves to despair can't succeed.
那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。
2.preserve vt. 保护,维护,保存(使免受破坏);保留;n. 保护区
—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.
—Me too. The character of the town is well preserved.
——这个城镇那么漂亮!我喜欢它。
——我也喜欢。城镇的特色保留得很好。
preserve sb./sth. from sth. 保护……免受……
nature preserve 自然保护区
wellpreserved 保存良好的
Social activities usually preserve old people from the loneliness of old age.
社交活动通常防止老年人晚年孤独。
In this nature preserve, all the rare plants are wellpreserved.
在这个自然保护区中,所有的稀有植物都保存良好。
3.witness n. 目击者;证人;证据;vt. 当场见到;目击
The book was written in 1946, since when the education system haswitnessed great changes.
这本书被写于1946年,它见证了自此以后教育的巨大变化。
(1)a witness to ……的证人/证据
bear/give witness to... 作为……的证据
(2)witness for 作证,为……辩护
witness to 为……作证;出庭证明;证实
[点拨] witness 作动词时,常用拟人化的方式陈述事实,即用事物名词直接作主语,表述既简洁又形象。
4.occur vi. 发生;出现
It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship.
我们没有想到步行是个巨大的困难。
(1)sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that...某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然做某事
(2)occurrence n. 发生;出现;(偶然)事件
[点拨] occur 当“发生”讲时,和 happen 一样,不可用于被动语态。其过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要双写r,分别为occurred, occurred, occurring。
5.burst vt.&vi. (使)爆裂;(使)裂开;(使)炸开;突然出现;爆发;n. 突然破裂;爆发
The building exploded because a gas pipe had burst.
因为煤气管道破裂建筑物爆炸了。
(1)burst into tears/laughter突然哭起来/笑起来
(2)burst in/into 闯入,突然破门而入
(3)burst with anger/pride 勃然大怒/充满自豪感
6.eager adj. 渴望的,热衷的
Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
由于海伦明白了语言的特点,她很渴望学到更多,并且尽可能多地使用语言。
be eager to do sth. 渴望做……
be eager for sth. 急于得到……
be eager that... 渴望……[从句中用虚拟语气:(should+)动词原形]
Some people are eager to get money while others are eager for fame.
有些人急于赚钱而另一些人渴望成名。
7.discourage vt. 使泄气,使灰心,劝阻
They are determined to start a campaign to discourage smoking among teenagers.
他们决心发起一项劝阻青少年吸烟的运动。
(1)discourage sb. from doing sth. 打消某人做某事的念头
be/get discouraged 变得灰心,泄气
(2)discouraging adj. 令人失去信心的
discouraged adj. 失去信心的,气馁的
discouragement n. 气馁,泄气,失去信心
(3)encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
His parents are trying to discourage him from being an actor.
他的父母竭力阻止他当演员。
8.expand vt. 扩大,扩充,增加;细谈,详述
As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions.
随着知识和词汇量的扩大,海伦问的问题越来越多。
expand into (使……)扩大成
expand in 在……方面增加/膨胀
expand on/upon sth. 详述,详细阐述某事
We've expanded the business by opening two more stores.
我们增加了两个商店以扩展业务。
The professor will expand on this point in the next chapter.
教授将在下一章对这一问题做进一步的补充。
expand |
(使尺寸、数字或数量等)扩大,增加(活动量),扩大(活动范围) |
extend |
延伸,延长(建筑或道路、时间等),扩大(控制、影响力等),伸展(手臂、腿等) |
spread |
把(物)铺开、张开,(疾病、感情、问题或火等)蔓延,(消息、思想等)流传,传播,扩展(使能覆盖大的面积),张开(手臂、双腿等) |
stretch |
伸展,拉长,一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展,不是加长 |
9.loss n. 遗失;损失;丧失 lose v. 损失;迷失
Yet, over the centuries, there was a greater loss.
然而,几个世纪以来,出现了更大的损失。
suffer a loss 蒙受损失
make up for a loss 弥补损失
at a loss 不知所措,困惑
be lost in 陷入……
10.sympathy n. 同情,同情心;赞同,支持
I have no sympathy for Jane. It's all her own fault.
我不同情简,那都是她自己的错。
(1)out of sympathy 出于同情
(2)in sympathy with sb. 支持某人
11.particularly adv. 特定地,特别地,尤其
Steve was in a particularly bad mood when he got back.
史蒂夫回来时情绪特别不好。
not particularly 不太;不(是)特别……
be particular about/over... 对……讲究/挑剔
in particular 特别,尤其
go into particulars 详述细节
He is very particular about what he eats.
他对他所吃的东西很讲究。
12.tremble vi. 颤抖,发抖
His lips began to tremble and then he broke the glass.
他的嘴唇开始颤抖,接着他摔了杯子。
tremble with anger/fear 因愤怒/害怕而颤抖
in a trembling voice 用颤抖的声音
鲍勃站在那里气得发抖。
13.vivid adj. 生动的,逼真的
The characters in his novel take on vivid color.
他小说中的人物活灵活现。
vividly adv. 生动地;清晰地
vividness n. 生动,形象
He gave a vivid account of his journey through the valley.
他生动地描述了穿越峡谷的旅行。
14.tease vt. 嘲笑,取笑
It is impolite to tease people with disability.
嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的。
laugh at 嘲笑
make fun of 取笑
play a joke on 开……玩笑
smile at 朝……微笑
force a smile 勉强一笑
burst out laughing突然大笑
15.significance n. 意义;意思;重要性;重要意义
Nobody can achieve anything of real significance unless he works very hard.
一个人要是不努力,他将一事无成。
(1)be of (great/no/little) significance to...
对……(很/不)重要
attach (great) significance to
认为……(很)重要
(2)significant adj. 重要的;明显的
It is significant that... 很明显……
16.gather vi. & vt. 聚集;集合;收集
The train gathered speed as it left the station.
火车离站时逐渐加快了速度。
①gather in 收获(庄稼)
②gather round 围拢;聚拢
③gather up/together 收拢;归拢(分散的东西)
考点短语:
1.come into view 出现;映入眼帘
Suddenly, the spaceship slowed down and immediately the system came into view.
突然,太空船放慢速度,星系马上出现在眼前。
come into 继承(遗产);进入状态
come into use 开始使用
come into effect 生效
come into being 产生,形成
come into power 当权
come into action 开始行动
2.come across 偶遇,碰见;被理解
I came across an interesting name story when I visited my cousin in Henan Province.
我在河南省看我表哥时无意中听到了一个有趣的有关名字的故事。
come about 发生
come along/on 过来,赶快,进展
come at 扑向;袭击
come over 顺便来访
come back(to sb.)被记起,被想起(主语是物)
come out 出版
come up出现;发生
[点拨] 表示“偶然遇见”还可以用run into, knock into, meet with, come upon 等。
3.hold up 举起;使耽搁;推迟,阻挡
She became quite famous when she invented a new way of holding up suspension bridges during the building process.
她因在建设过程中发明了一种新的支撑吊桥的方法而闻名。
[一词多义]
①Had it not been for the postal strike, my home letter might not have been held up.耽搁
②How does he hold up under such a responsibility?承受住
③They held up their coach to celebrate their winning.举起
④It's time you changed your attitude towards women now, Tom; they hold up half the sky, you know.支撑起
hold off 不接近;拖延;延期
hold out 给予,提供;支持;继续;坚持
hold back 阻挡,拦阻;抑制,控制;踌躇,(使)犹豫;隐瞒
hold on(打电话时)别挂断,等着;挺住,坚持住
hold onto 紧紧抓住……不放;保住(优势)
4.put up with 容忍,忍受
They probably didn't like it but they just had to put up with it!
他们可能不喜欢它(昵称),但他们不得不忍受!
put out 扑灭,使熄灭
put forward 把……提前;提出……
put off 推迟,使延期
put away 把……收拾起来;把钱、物等储存起来
5.figure out 理解;弄明白;想出;计算出
So they figured out a way to change it.
所以他们想出一个方法去改变它。
figure on sth./doing sth. 计划,打算;预料到某事/做某事
figure up 合计,把……加起来;计算出
figure in 被计算进;被考虑在;在……中出现
6.in a way 从某一角度看;在某种程度上
In a way, I'm a little surprised when he accepted the offer.
从某种意义上讲,他接受了这个报价让我觉得有点儿惊讶。
all the way 一路上;自始至终;完全
by the way 顺便说
in no way 一点也不;决不
in the way 挡道;碍事
No way![俚]别想!没门!
on one's way/the way to 在……路上
7.block out
(1)挡住;遮住(光线或声音)
That wall blocks out all the light.
那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
(2)忘掉;抹去(不愉快的事)
Over the years she had tried to block out that part of her life.
多年来她努力想把她生命中的那一段经历从记忆中抹去。
(3)画出……的草图
She quickly blocked out a sketch of the construction site.
她迅速画出一幅工地的草图。
(4)写出……提纲
He's blocked out an outline for his essay.
他已经写好了论文提纲。
8.make sense
(1)有道理;有意义;讲得通
I can't follow these instructions—they don't make sense.
我不理解这些指示——根本讲不通嘛。
(2)是明智的;合乎情理
It would make sense to leave early.
早点离开是明智的。
(3)表述清楚;易于理解;道理明显
John wasn't making much sense on the phone.
约翰在电话里说得不大清楚。
make sense of sth.理解;弄懂(不易理解的事物)
我看不懂那幅画,太抽象了。
9.knock sb. over (开车)撞伤某人;撞死某人
Beth was knocked over by a motorcyclist when she was crossing the street.
贝思横穿马路时被摩托车撞伤。
knock at/on a door 敲门
knock into sb. 撞到某人身上,碰见某人
knock down 撞倒,摧毁,减价
knock off 把……敲掉;撞击
10.refer to 提到,说到;参考,参阅;提交;把……称作……
Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.
权力是指一个人对其他人的控制程度。
[一词多义]
①If you don't know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查阅
②When giving the lecture, he referred to his note from time to time.参考
③You should refer this matter to our teacher for a decision.
提交
④In China, women who remain single in their late twenties are referred to as “leftover woman” by relatives and the media.把……称作
⑤We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及
(1)refer to...as... 把……称作
refer...to... 把……提交给……
(2)reference n. 涉及;提及;参考;查阅
in/with reference to 关于
考点句型:
1.Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
既然海伦理解了语言的特点,她非常渴望学习更多,并且尽可能多地使用它。
now that 既然,由于,是连词词组,引导原因状语从句,表示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that 常可省略。
(1)其他引导原因状语从句的连接词:
because 因为(语气较重,常用于回答why的提问)
since 因为,既然,由于(可与now that 互换)
as 因为(语气较弱)
for 因为(并列连词,引导一个分句,不能置于句首,表示进一步补充说明)
(2)表示原因的其他短语:
due to 由于,因为
because of 因为(在句中作状语)
on account of 由于,因为
owing to 由于,因为
thanks to 由于,多亏(在句中作状语)
2.Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.
她的话使我感到非常困惑,因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。
unless 是从属连词,意为“除非,如果不”,引导条件状语从句,含有否定意义,相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式,即unless=if not,但unless 不能用于虚拟语气句中。
(1)unless 和 if 引导条件状语从句时和其他时间状语从句一样,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(2)unless 所引导的条件状语从句中,如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同,且谓语部分含有be动词,可省略从句主语与be 动词。
3.It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word.
这是海伦第一次理解这样复杂的词。
It is/was the+序数词+time+(that)...表示“是第几次做……”。
(1)某人“第几次做某事”的句型
①It (This/That) is the first/second...time+that从句(用现在完成时)
②It (This/That) was the first/second...time+that从句(用过去完成时)
(2)由time构成的其他句型
①It is (high) time (that)+从句(一般过去时或should+动词原形)现在是做某事的时候了
②It's time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
③the first/second/last time...(引导时间状语从句)第一、二、最后一次……
4.It is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.
那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓使这个城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。
强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。此句型中,被强调部分可以是主语、宾语及状语。
原句:I met him in the park yesterday.
我昨天在公园见到了他。
①强调主语
It was I who/that met him in the park yesterday.
是我昨天在公园见到他的。
②强调宾语
It was him who/that I met in the park yesterday.
昨天我在公园见到的是他。
③强调地点状语
It was in the park that I met him yesterday.
昨天我是在公园见到他的。
④强调时间状语
It was yesterday that I met him in the park.
我是昨天在公园见到他的。
[点拨] ①强调谓语动词时,要用助动词does/do/did。
I did meet him in the park yesterday.
昨天我的确在公园见过他。
②强调结构中的谓语动词由被强调的主语决定。
It is I who am giving a talk.
要做报告的是我。
“It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
她说:“正是大海使得Rockaway如此特别。”
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