高考英语作文常见类型及写作技巧点拨（二）

高考英语作文常见类型之二：

说明类(exposition)

这类作文多半解释、说明一件物品，介绍一些科技知识，传授一件器具的用法，说明药品的服用方法，或者陈述某个人的简历等。题目举例：Self Introduction／A Self-recommendation／The Importance of Moon Exploration／What to Begin with： Computer ABC／The Instructions of Aspirin等。这类作文一般描写性内容很少，说明性内容要具体、可信、符合科学，语言应力求准确、简洁、条理清晰，数据和引证要有根据，涉及个人的情况则必须符合事实。

范文一：

My Favorite Sport

My favorite sport is basketball， which is a team sport suitable for both indoors and outdoors.

I have been interested in basketball since Yao Ming， an NBA star from China， became the hero of millions of Chinese kids. Although as a basketball fan I am not tall enough， I believe it is helpful to my health， and just think what fun it is to play basketball for an hour or so after a tiring day! Besides， it gives me a good chance to make friends with a lot of schoolmates.

In short， it’s a good hobby， isn’t it?

（97 words）

此文简单介绍了自己最喜爱的运动，并说明了爱好篮球的几点原因，解释了自己虽然并不高大，为什么还是喜欢打篮球。有头有尾，条理清楚。

范文二：

Moon Explorations Should Be Supported

China’s moon exploration project is a very important step in its efforts to catch up with the most advanced countries in space science and technology.

As one of the most influential countries the world over， in the long run it’s unreasonable that China should lag behind the others in space exploration. The whole budget of moon exploration is about 12 billion yuan， which is reasonable and acceptable. Considering the benefits it may bring to the development of science and technology， I find no reason why we shouldn’t support it.

I even suggest that we should donate a bit to encourage the scientists. They are to be backed by all the Chinese people. （112 words）

此文说明了我国探月计划的重大意义，阐述为什么对该计划的预算应该予以支持，还说明了自己的建议。

高考高分作文的诀窍之二：

认清体裁，打好腹稿

动笔前要认清体裁，搞清楚究竟应该以叙述、说明为主，还是应该以议论为主，是书信题、图表题还是图画评论题。例如2006年上海高考题是图表题，要求从表中读取信息并加以比较，然后决定取舍。如果你选择北方大学，要说明优点是学费较低而且有加分优惠，缺点是招生人数较少，但是通过努力还是有信心考上。把话说清楚即可，没有必要也没有过多时间来多作议论。又如2007年全国高考卷II作文题，要求考生替某宾馆写一篇介绍，如果写成议论文，谈论旅游业的发展以及自己的意见，即使考生的语言很好，由于体裁错误，也不会得到理想的考分。书信题当然要注意信的格式。笔者认为，花几分钟打腹稿是必要的，心中有了一个outline，就是提纲或者轮廓，然后动笔，便可较快完卷。切忌想一句写一句，想到哪儿就写到哪儿。在考前进行准备的时候，不妨多选择几个题目，不一定每个题目都写完整的作文，可以只考虑一个轮廓，就是outline，看清体裁后，再考虑一下主要的句型。这样花时间不多，效果却不错。

模拟试题

请叙述一个地震发生时真实而感人的故事，并谈谈你的感想。

审题构思

2008年5月12日的四川大地震是全体中国人心中永远的痛，我们要永远记住不幸罹难的同胞。此题是典型的记叙文，同学们一定听到了许多感人的事迹，因此内容不成问题。要以饱含深情的笔调把故事写好，感想则不宜抒发过多。

A Moving Story When the Disaster Occurred

At 14：28 on May 12，2008， the disastrous earthquake occurred. Suddenly the building collapsed， when all the students were in class， including Xiao Xue， a 15-year-old girl. She was hit on the head， and at once began to bleed. Greatly frightened， she felt as if everything was dead. Suddenly she heard her deskmate Xiao Ya， also seriously injured， calling. In the darkness they were hand in hand， and they hugged to encourage each other. Two hours passed， and Xiao Ya was getting weaker and weaker. Her hands were getting loose， her voice fainter， and eventually she could no longer stand the pain and bleeding. Finally she stopped making response to her best friend’s whisper. Xiao Xue kept holding her friend in her arms under the debris， waiting for rescue.

Night falling， at last the rescuers found them still embracing， but Xiao Ya had left her beloved forever.

I’d never heard of more touching stories about friendship between classmates before. Moved to tears， I wish both the girls would live happily in the different worlds. Surely， those who enjoy true friendship must be happy.

(180 words)

中文解读

2008年5月12日14点28分，灾难性的地震发生了。大楼突然倒塌，当时所有的学生都在上课，包括15岁的女孩小雪。她被击中头部，鲜血立刻流了出来。她非常害怕，觉得那一瞬间好像一切都在死去。突然她听到同桌同学小雅在呼唤她，小雅也受伤了。在黑暗之中，她们手拉着手，搂抱在一起相互鼓励。两小时过去了，小雅变得越来越虚弱。她的手渐渐松了开来，声音也越来越微弱了。后来她再也忍受不了疼痛和出血。最要好的朋友在她耳边轻轻地呼唤，但她终于不再作出反应。小雪继续拥抱着她，在一片废墟中等待救援。黑夜降临了，救援人员终于发现了这两个仍然拥抱着的女孩，可是小雅永远离开了她深深地爱着的亲人。以前我从来没有听到过关于同学情谊的更加感人的故事。我感动得流下了热泪，但愿这两个女孩都能幸福地生活在不同的世界。确实，那些享有真正友谊的人应该是幸福的。

亮点赏析

全文描述灾难发生后的情景和两个女孩相拥等待救援的情节，十分感人。在写作技巧上，如何舍弃次要情节，突出中心，以压缩篇幅，节省时间，这是值得重视的问题。