Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.
Don’t trust the first sign that you see.
All is not gold that glitters.
Nothing is impossible to the man who has will.
God helps those who help themselves.
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
I prefer singers who can write their own lyrics.
These are musicians who make us happy.
People who eat a balanced diet are healthier.
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？
Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
I prefer music that has great lyrics. 我喜欢具有优美歌词的音乐。
Carmen likes music that’s loud. Carmen喜欢大声的音乐。
I like music that I can dance to. 我喜欢能伴舞的音乐。
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词可作状语。
1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape.
3. 作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语。
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where I was born.
1）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
2）被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？在商店里你有什么东西要买吗？
3）先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。
This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
4）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
5）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.
Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
6）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
1）先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.
What’s that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.
Tom came back，which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
3. 关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 或 which 放先行词后，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.
= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
I. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。
1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
___________________________________________
2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.
_____________________________________________
3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.
_____________________________________________
4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her just now.
_____________________________________________
5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.
_____________________________________________
6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.
_____________________________________________
7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.
_____________________________________________
8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.
_____________________________________________
9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.
_____________________________________________
10. I spoke to the man. The man is a singer.
_____________________________________________
1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _______ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
1. —Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
—Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
3. This is the place ______ I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
4. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
5. Watch carefully everything _____ the teacher will do.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
6．I love the place ____ the weather is always cool.
A. that B. where C. why D. which
7. The man and the dog ____ were hurt in the accident were sent to the hospital.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
8．The reason ____ I was late for the class was my oversleeping.
A. why B. which C. that D. when
9. Jane is one of the students in the class ______have ever been to China.
A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
10. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
1. The woman is the most important in my life is my mother.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
2. People ______ overweight need more water than thin people.
A．who is B．which are C．that is D．who are
3. After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people ________ wanted to kill him.
A. whose B. which C. / D. who
4. He likes low-carbon life. He lives in the house ________ he built himself out of trash.
A. where B. what C. which D. in which
I. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。
1. The boy who/that was here a minute ago is my younger brother.
2. The old man who/that teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.
3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.
4. The woman (who/whom/that) you were talking about just now is here now.
5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.
6. The car which/that just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.
7. The man who/that waved to us was my uncle.
8. I enjoyed reading the book (that/which) you gave me last week.
9. The subject (which/that) I prefer is science.
10. The man (who/whom/that) I spoke to is a singer.
1. that/ which 2. who/ that
3. that/ which 4. who/ that
8. which/ that 9. where 10. when
1. B 句子的先行词是the man，所以that引导，且that在定语从句中作主语。
2.A 句子的先行词是the people，所以用who引导，且who在定语从句中作主语。
3.D 本句先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作visit的宾语，所以选D。
4.C 本句先行词是表示地名的world，且关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以选C。
5.Ａ 本句是考查定语从句的引导词。由于先行词是不定代词，它的引导词只能是that。
6.Ｂ 本句是考查定语从句的引导词。由于先行词是表示地点名词，所以它的引导词应该用where，且引导词在定语从句中作地点状语。
7.Ｃ 本句的先行词既有人也有物，所以引导词只能用that，that在定语从句中作主语。
8.Ａ 本句的先行词是表示原因的名词，所以引导词用关系副词why。
9.Ａ 考查关系代词的用法。此句是定语从句，先行词是students，且在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who。
10. B 本句属于非限制性定语从句，所以用which引导，且which在从句中作主语。
1. B。此题考查定语从句，先行词是人，引导词用who，在定语从句作主语，故选B。
2. D。句意：超重的人需要的水比瘦的人多。定语从句的先行词是people，且关系词在从句中作主语，故答案为D项。
3. D。句意：在曼德拉1990获得自由后，他选择了与想杀他的人握手。先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语，故选who。
4. C。本句意为：他喜欢低碳生活，他在垃圾之外建立了自己的房子。本题考查which的用法，which在后置的定语从句中代替上文出现的事物或情况。
