常考话题七

科技与发明

一、完形填空
(2020·广东)We are now in the 22nd century.With the development of science and technology，people can change their bodies in the way they want.
As years went by，Mr.Smith __1__his look.Several months ago，Mr.Smith went to a body engineering shop and __2__ a small nose.Small noses were very __3__these years.After the operation，he looked at himself in the mirror (镜子) and found that his __4__hair no longer fit his new look.Then he wanted a change to long hair.When he was leaving，the shop keeper __5__ told him that the shop had a special offer on ears.At last，Mr.Smith went out of the shop with a small nose，long hair and two new ears.
In the next few weeks，Mr.Smith's interest in his __6__kept growing.He bought new eyes，new hands and new feet.After that，he looked very young for his age，and __7__ different.He felt satisfied with himself.However，the __8__in the face and fingerprints brought him much trouble.He was __9__to enter places like railway stations and airports.In the end，he decided to have his old body back! To his surprise，Mrs.Smith was unhappy with his __10__because she could not bear (忍受) the bad smell of his old feet.
(　A　)1.A.was bored of  B．was relaxed about C．was excited about  D．was pleased with
(　C　)2.A.cared for   B．waited for   C．asked for D．sent for
(　A　)3.A.popular   B．similar C．strange   D．useful
(　B　)4.A.long   B．short C．thick   D．thin
(　D　)5.A.silently   B．foolishly C．carelessly   D．suddenly
(　D　)6.A.shape   B．age C．life D．look
(　D　)7.A.probably   B．hardly C．nearly   D．completely
(　B　)8.A.smile   B．change C．color   D．kiss
(　B　)9.A.guided   B．refused C．forced   D．allowed
(　C　)10.A.interest   B．condition C．decision   D．situation
二、阅读理解
A(2020·铁岭)

Look at this special handrail(扶手)．One part of it is a seat.It is helpful for old people.They can sit on it and rest when they're climbing stairs.A company in Shenzhen designed this handrail.What  a good idea！

Wearing a mask(口罩) is not a big problem for people with hearing problems，but wearing masks makes it hard for them to communicate with others.This new mask design is here to help.There is a “window” in it.People with hearing problems can read each other's lips(嘴唇) and facial expressions.

Can printers only print on paper？This small printer can print on almost anything.You can print on clothes，cups and even on your skin! The printer uses a special kind of ink.If you don't like the pattern(图案)，you can just wash it off.Once fully charged，the printer can work for six hours.

Pepper is a human­like robot.Japanese company SoftBank invented it.It can talk with people through speech or body language.Because of this，Pepper can be a babysitter(保姆)，nurse and emergency(急救)medical worker. In April，2020，a supermarket in Germany started using Pepper to keep customers apart from each other.It can tell customers to keep their distance(距离)while shopping.

(　A　)1.This handrail is helpful for ________.
A．the old   B．the rich
C．the young   D．the poor
(　B　)2.This new mask makes it ________for people with hearing problems to communicate with others.
A．hard   B．easy
C．comfortable   D．exciting
(　D　)3.You can ________if you don't like the pattern.
A．put it off   B．cut it off
C．turn it off   D．wash it off
(　C　)4.Germans started using Pepper to ________ in a supermarket.
A．work as nurses
B．look after babies
C．keep customers apart from each other
D．save customers' lives as soon as possible
(　B　)5.We can probably find the passage in a ________.
A．travel guide  B．science magazine
C．history book  D．geography book
B(2019·广东)
In our daily life，robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous，boring，difficult，or dirty.And we often see kids play with toy robots.
But what exactly is a robot？There are some important characteristics(特征)that a robot must have.These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot.It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot.A robot has these important characteristics：
Sensing  First of all，your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it.Give your robot sensors(传感器)：light sensors(eyes)，touch sensors (hands)，chemical sensors(nose)，hearing sensors(ears) and taste sensors (tongue)．
Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment.It can move on wheels，walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机)．A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.
Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself.Some robots might power itself with sunlight，some might with electricity，while others with the battery(电池)．The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.
Intelligence A robot needs some kind of “smarts”．A programmer is the person who gives the robot its“smarts”．The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
(　C　)1.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 is about ________.
A．the toy   B．the characteristic
C．the machine   D．the engine
(　D　)2.The chemical sensors may help a robot to ________.
A．see   B．catch
C．hear   D．smell
(　B　)3.In how many ways can a robot power itself according to the passage?
A．Two.   B．Three.
C．Four.   D．Five.
(　C　)4.The Chinese meaning of “Intelligence” in the last paragraph is ________.
A．能源   B．勤奋   C．智能   D．外观
(　A　)5.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To help people understand what a robot is.
B．To tell what a robot can do in our life.
C．To describe the movement of a robot.
D．To introduce the history of robots.
三、回答问题
(2020·衡阳改编)请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。
There are plenty of myths(神话)to explain how the world came to have a moon to bring light to the night time.But now there is a plan for a man­made moon.It will give us much more light than the natural Moon.
China is preparing to put a man­made moon in the sky above Chengdu by the end of 2020.It will reflect sunlight back onto the Earth.If it succeeds，three more such objects will be sent out in 2022，according to Wu Chunfeng，a space scientist.Wu said it would be similar to how we get moonlight，but he predicted(预言)that the man­made moon would have eight times the brightness of the real one.This is because the object will be about 500 kilometers above the Earth.That will make it much closer to us than the Moon，which is over 380，000 kilometers away，Wu added.
If the plan works，the man­made moon will save a lot of power.Scientists predicted that Chengdu could save around 1.2 billion yuan in electricity every year if a new moon lit up 50 square kilometers of the city.And in 2022，four man­made moons can take turns reflecting sunlight as they will not always be in the best position relative to the Sun.Together，they can give light to an area of up to 6，400 square kilometers on the Earth for 24 hours.That means its brightness will be seen in most areas in China，so reducing the need for streetlights.
1．What is the plan for?
__The__plan__is__for__a__man­made__moon.__
2．What is China preparing to do by the end of 2020?
__China__is__preparing__to__put__a__man­made__moon__in__the__sky__above__Chengdu __by__the__end__of__2020.__
3．How far is it from the Moon to the Earth?
__It__is__over__380，000__kilometers.__
4．What will happen if the plan works?
__If__the__plan__works，the__man­made__moon__will__save__a__lot__of__power.__
5．How large is the area of the earth can be given light to by four man­made moons together?
__They__can__give__light__to__an__area__of__up__to__6，400__square__kilometers.__