四、句式精讲

1. I’m going to Chiang Mai in two weeks.

(1) go, come, leave, start, fly等表示位移的动词，常用这些动词的现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。

Jim is going boating this afternoon. 

吉姆今天下午要去划船。

Are they all coming tomorrow? 

他们明天都来吗？

 

(2) in two weeks意为“两周后”，表示将来的时间，常用how soon来对其提问。

— How soon will the dinner ready? 

晚饭还有多长时间做好？

— In ten minutes. 

十分钟后。

— How soon will they come back? 

他们多久回来？

— In two weeks. 

两周后。

 

经典例题

I went to Singapore Last week.(用 in two weeks 改写句子)

____________________

（I will/am going to Singapore in two weeks.)

 

2. Marley used to be just like Scrooge, so he was punished after he died.

used to do sth是一个固定结构，意思是“过去经常做某事”，后面用动词原形，表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。

 

肯定句：

I used to play with my friends after school. 

过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。

 

否定句：

You didn’t use to like pop songs.

=You usedn’t to like pop songs.

你过去常常不喜欢流行歌曲。

 

一般疑问句：

Did your sister use to be quiet? 

= Used your sister to be quiet?

你的妹妹过去常常是很安静吗？

 

there be句式：

There used to be a lot of fishes in this river. 

过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。

 

【拓展】

(1) be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，是动词短语use …to do的被动语态结构。

Knives are used to cut things.

小刀是用来切东西的。

 

(2) be used to doing something意思是“习惯于做某事”，to后接动词-ing形式。

My father is used to living in the village. 

我爸爸习惯于住在小山村。

 

3. He warns Scrooge to change his ways if he doesn’t want to end up like him.

(1) warn作动词，意为“警告；告诫”，常用于以下结构：

1) warn sb. (not) to do sth. 意为“告诫某人（不要）做某事”。

He warned her to keep silent. 

他告诫她保持沉默。

 

2) warn sb. about sth. 意为“提醒某事注意某事”。

She warned us about the serious situation. 

她提醒我们注意形势的严峻性。

 

3) warn sb. of/against (doing) sth. 意为“告诫某人当心/提防（做）某事”。

They warned me against swimming in that part of the river. 

他们告诫我不要在河的那一带游泳。

 

经典例题

He warned Billy ________ away from his daughter.

A. to keep  B. keeps

C. keeping  D. kept

答案：A

 

(2)end up意为“最终成为；最后处于，结束”，其后可以跟with; in; doing等：

1) end up with表示“以……结束”，其后可以跟任何名词。

If you do that, you’ll end up with egg on your face. 

你要是那样做，必将出洋相。

 

2) end up in后面一般接一个地点名词。

If you continue to steal, you’ll end up in prison. 

你要是继续行窃，早晚得进监狱。

 

3) end up doing 表示“以做……结束”。

The party ended up singing an English song. 

晚会以一首英文歌而结束。

 

经典例题

1.The boats take different routes, but they all ______ in the same place.

A. give up    B. clear up

C. end up     D. make up

2.Will you ________ speaking Chinese when you have an English conversation?

A. end up    B. end up with

C. ends up   D. ends up with

答案：C A

 

五、单元备考语法

 

●感叹句

 

概念：感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，可以用来表达人的喜怒哀乐等感情色彩。

 

用法：常见的感叹句是由what, how引导的。

 

what引导的感叹句:

1.Whata/an+形容词+可数名词的单数+主语+谓语!

What a beautiful girl she is!

她是一个多 么漂亮的女孩啊！

 

2.What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语!

What important jobs they have done!

他们做了多么重要的工作啊!

 

3.What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!

What sweet water it is!多甜的水啊!

 

how引导的感叹句:

1.How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!

How interesting the movie is!

多有趣的电影啊!

 

2.How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!

How useful a subject it is!

多么有用的一个学科啊!

 

3.How+主语+谓语!

How time fies!

时间过得真快啊!

 

经典例题

1.---_____ brave Zhang Hua is!  

 ---Yes. He helped his neighbor, Mrs. Sun, out of the fire.

A. What a       B. How   

C. How a        D. What

2.---_____ weather it is! We can’t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake.

  ---Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Science Museum instead.

A. What good    B. How good

C. How bad       D. What bad

3. ---Steve, did you see the lantern show when you were in Fuzhou?

   ---Of course! ________ beautiful lanterns!

A. What     B. How

C. What a   D. How a 

答案：B D A

 

●宾语从句的引导词

 

概念：宾语从句属于名词性从句。在句子中起宾语作用的句叫作宾语从句。

 

用法：在本单元中，我们重点讲述宾语从句的两类引导词分别是that以及if, whether.

 

1.引导词that

 

that本身无意义，只在宾语从句中起连接作用，在口语中通可以省略。

I think (that) he is the best actor in China.

我觉得他是中国最好的演员。

 

 2.引导词if，whether

 

if. whether表示“是否”，在句子中不充当成分，在宾语从句中不能省略。

He asked me if/whether Miss Gao was a teacher.

他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。

 

拓展

只用whether而不用if的情况:

1.和or not搭配时，只能用whether,不能用if.

I don't know whether or not he will come.

我不知道他是否会来。

 

2.当宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，要用whether而不用if.

Whether he will come I am not sure.

他是不是来我不确定。

 

3.宾语从句作介词的宾语时，只用whether不用if.

It depends on whether it will be fine.

那取决于是不是晴天。

 

4.宾语从句discuss等动词的宾语时，用whether不用if。

We discussed whether we should close the shop. 

我们讨论是不是该关掉商店。

 

5.句子中有写导的条件句，如再有表示“是否”的宾语从句，whether不用if.

He asked me whether I would move to New York if I got the job.

他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬到纽约。

 

6.在动词不定式之前时，用whether不用if。

I don't know whether to go there at once.

我不知道)是不是该立刻去那里。

 

经典例题

1 The official said they _________ a new law to protect the tourists the next year.

A. makes   B. would make

C. made    D. have made

2 ---Have you asked the policeman ________?   

  ---Yes. He told us to turn left onto Main Street. It’s on the right.

A. if there is a bank near here 

B. how can we get to the nearest bank

C. where can we find a bank

D. when we can go to the nearest bank

3 He said that light ________ much faster than sound.

A. travelled   B. will travel

C. travels     D. is travelling

4.She said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster’s desk.

A. that      B. where

C. which   D. what

答案：BACA

 

六、 单元书面表达

本单元是围绕节日这一话题展开的，是大家较为熟悉的内容，要想写好这个话题的文章，首先要注意其体裁，通常是电子邮件式的说明文，介绍-两个中国的传统节日，内容涉及节日名称、时间、含义及主要活动，还应谈到你喜欢该节日及理由。

写作此类话题作文的常用表达有∶

(1)I love … because 

(2)I think they are ... to... 

(3)You'll have good luck in the New Year.

(4) Chinese people have been celebrating for centuries.

【典型例题】

假如你是李磊，你的美国笔友Tom对中国传统文化很感兴趣。请你用英语给他写一封80词左右的电子邮件。介绍一两个中国的传统节日、如春节、中秋节等。

【优秀范文】

Dear Tom

I am very glad to tell you something about spring festival.

It's a traditional festival in China. It comes in winter.

It's time to get new. We usually clean and decorate our houses carefully before it comes. I always help my mother clean the windows and wash the clothes. We put on chunlian on the doors and windows.

It's time to say goodbye to the last year, and say hello to the New Year. Everyone goes home to get together with their families, no matter how far it is. They must have dinner together on that day. They must visit their relatives and friends and say "Happy New Year" to them. When the kids greet their grandparents, they can get money.
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