人教版八年级英语上册Unit 9知识点和语法专项

Unit 9 Can you come to my party?

一、短语归纳

1.on Saturday afternoon

=on the afternoon of Saturday在星期六下午

2.have to不得不，必须

3.go to the/a doctor

=see the/a doctor去看病

4.have the flu患流感

5.help my parents帮助我的父母

6.come to the party参加聚会

7.meet my friend见朋友

8.too much homework太多的家庭作业

9.go to the party参加聚会

10.another time其他时间

11.last fall

=last autumn去年秋天

12.hang out闲逛

13.after school放学后

14.on the weekend在周末

15.go to the movies去看电影

16.study for a test备考

17.visit grandparents拜访爷爷奶奶

18.prepare for为…做准备

19.turn down拒绝；调低

20.take a trip去旅行

21.go shopping去购物

22.do homework做家庭作业

23.the day before yesterday前天

24.the day after tomorrow后天

25.not…until… 直到......才......

26.have a piano lesson上钢琴课

27.accept an invitation接受邀请

28.look forward to... 盼望，期待

29.at the end of this month在这个月末

30.go to the concert去听音乐会

31.reply in writing书面回复

32.the opening of…的开幕式/落成典礼

33.look after...

=take care of... 照顾......

二、必背句子

①—Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon? 星期六下午你能来参加我的聚会吗?

—Sure, I’d love to. 当然了，我很乐意去。

②I have to prepare for an exam. 我必须为考试做准备。

③I have too much homework this weekend. 这周末我有太多的家庭作业。

④I remember we went bike riding together last fall when he visited you.

我记得他去年秋天来拜访你的时候我们一起骑自行车兜风了。

⑤Oh, but Sam isn’t leaving until next Wednesday.哦，但萨姆要一直待到下星期三才走。

⑥Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.

不要告诉斯蒂恩女士，直接把她带到聚会以便给她个惊喜。

⑦I look forward to hearing from you all. 我期盼着你们所有人的答复。

三、用法点拔

(1)—Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?

星期六下午你能来参加我的聚会吗?

—Sure, I’d love to.

当然了，我很乐意去。

“Can you...?”可用来向别人发出邀请或询问对方能否做某事。

肯定答语是：Sure, I’d love to./Certainly./Of course,I can.等。

否定答语常用：I’d love to,but I have to.../Sorry,I have to.../I’m sorry,I can’t.等。

-- Can you go to the movies with me tonight?

今晚你能与我一起去看电影吗?

-- Sure,I’d love to.

当然，我很乐意去。

(2)I have to prepare for an exam. 我必须为考试做准备。

prepare 意为“（为.....做准备；把....准备好”。其用法如下：

prepare sth.准备.....后接名词或代词作宾语。当宾语是食物类的名词时，可意为“制作”。

My mother is preparing dinner.

我妈妈在做饭。

prepare sth. for sb. 给某人准备某物

She prepared a nice break fast for us.

她为我们准备了一顿可口的早餐。

prepare for sth. 为....做准备

I have to prepare for the party tomorrow.

我必须要为明天的聚会做准备了。

prepare to do sth. 准备去做某事

He prepared to make friends by WeChat.

他准备通过微信交朋友。

(3)I have too much homework this weekend. 这周末我有太多的家庭作业。

too much修饰不可数名词，用来强调其“量”超出了正常的范围。too用来修饰形容词或副词，表示“太”的意思，其程度比very, so, quite要强得多。

He sometimes finds his teacher leaves them too much homework to do.

他有时发现老师留给他们做的家庭作业太多了。

I don’t want to eat too much food every day.

我不想每天吃太多的食物。

辨析

too much “太多”，用来修饰不可数名词。

There isn’t too much food in the house.

家里食物不太多了。

too many “太多”，用来修饰可数名词复数。

There are too many students in the playground.

操场上有太多学生。

much too “实在.....;简直.....”，一般修饰形容词或副词。

The coat is much too large.

这件大衣实在太大了。

(4)I remember we went bike riding together last fall when he visited you.我记得他去年秋天来拜访你的时候我们一起骑自行车兜风了。

remember在此处是及物动词，意为“记得”，后面可以直接跟宾语。

I can’t remember his name.

我记不得他的名字了。

remember的用法：

remember me to sb. 代我问候某人

Remember me to your parents.

代我向你的父母问好。

remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做）

Remember to give him the book.

记得把这本书给他。

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）

I remember giving him the book.

我记得我给他那本书了。

(5)Oh, but Sam isn’t leaving until next Wednesday.哦，但萨姆要一直待到下星期三才走。

句中的until 有以下用法：

作介词时，意为“直到某一时刻；直到发生某事”

肯定句：

It may last until Friday.

这可能要延续到星期五。

He will be working until 5 o’clock.

他将一直工作到五点钟。

用于肯定句时，意为“直到....时（为止）”或“....以前”。

谓语动词须是持续性动词，如live、wait、last、love等。

否定句：

Don’t open it until your birthday.

等到你过生日再打开它。

She didn’t sleep until eight.

她到八点钟才睡觉。

用于否定句时，意为“直到....才”或“直到...之前（还不....）”。

作连词时，意为“直到.....时为止”，主句为肯定句：

Continue walking in this direction until you see a sign.

一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见指示牌。

He ran until he was breathless.

他一直跑到气喘吁吁才停下。

主句为肯定句时，表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时。一般可意为“直到...为止”。在这种用法中，主句的谓语动词必须是持续性动词，如live、wait、last、love、like、stay、work、continue等。

主句为否定句：

I didn’t realize she was foreign until she spoke.

她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。

I won’t stop shouting until you let me go.

你不放我，我就一直喊叫。

(6)look after his sister 照顾他的妹妹

辨析：与“照顾”有关的短语

take care of 一般用来嘱咐别人照顾好自己或是自己的东西

Can you take good care of these goods?

你能看管好这些货物吗?

care for 更多地表示操心、关心之类的意思

He spent years caring for his sick mother.

他数年中一直在照顾生病的母亲。

look after 主要对人在生活方面照顾和料理

My mother is ill. I have to look after her at home.

我妈妈病了。我不得不在家照看她。

(7)accept an invitation 接受邀请

辨析：accept, receive

accept 意为“接受”，指主观上愿意接受

She accepted a present from her friend.

她接受了朋友的礼物。

receive 意为“收到”，指客观上收到或拿到，但不包含接受者本人是否“接受”的意思

I received a letter from my sister last week.

上周我收到了我姐姐的一封来信。

辨析：reply, answer

reply 用作及物动词时，后跟直接引语或that引导的从句；用作不及物动词时，后面与to连用，表示“回答某人的问题、信件等”

I’ll reply to your letter tomorrow.

明天我将给你回信。

answer 可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。可表示接听电话或对门铃等声响做出反应等。

Who can answer the question?

谁能回答这个问题?

(8)turn down an invitation 拒绝邀请拒绝

turn down相当于refuse，还可意为“关小；调低”

I turned down his advice.

我拒绝了他的建议。

It’s too noisy. Please turn it down.

它太吵了，请把音量调低点。

反义词组是turn up

(9)Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised. 不要告诉斯蒂恩女士，直接把她带到聚会以便给她个惊喜。

without是介词，意为“没有”。常见用法如下：

表示否定，意为“没有，无”。

He went out without his umbrella.

他外出没有带伞。

其后除可接名词或代词外，也可接动名词。

He walked past me without speaking.

他从我身旁走过，一句话也没说。

有时表示条件，意为“若无；若非”。

We cannot live without water.

=We cannot live if there is no water.

没有水，我们无法生存。

10)I look forward to hearing from you all. 我期盼着你们所有人的答复。

①look forward to 意思是“期待，盼望”。to是介词，后面接名词或者动名词。

I look forward to seeing you again.

我盼望再次见到你。

He looks forward to your letters.

他盼望着你的信件。

②hear from是固定短语，后面接某人，意为“收到(某人的)信、电话等”。

I heard from my pen pal last week.

上周我收到了我笔友的来信。

四、语法专项

A.情态动词

情态动词can表邀请

情态动词can除了表示能力、许可或猜测之外，还可以表示邀请; could较can更礼貌、委婉。

Jenny, can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?

珍妮，周六下午你能来参加我的聚会吗?

Can you...?意为“你能…吗?＂是一个发出邀请的重点句式。如果想更礼貌地发出激请，还可以使用Could you...?或Would you like to...?

接受邀请常用Sure，I’d love to，(当然了，我愿意)。委婉拒绝邀请常“Sorry，I can’t.(对不起，我不能)”或“ I’d love to,but(我很愿意，但是…)”。

---Can you come to my home this evening?

今天晚上你能来我家吗?

---Sure， I’d love to.

当然了，我很愿意。

---Can you go swimming with me this Sunday?

这个星期天你能和我一起去游泳吗?

---I’d love to, but I have to see the dentist that day.

我愿意去，但是那天我不得不去看牙医。

发出邀请：

1.Can you...?意为“你能…吗?”用于熟人之间，比较随便。

鲍勃，你能来参加我的生日聚会吗?

Can you come to my birthday party, Bob?

2.Would you like/ love(to)...?意为“你愿意...吗?”

你愿意喝杯咖啡吗?

Would you like a cup of coffee?

你愿意来参加我的生日聚会吗?

Would you like to come to my birthday party?

3.I hope you can... 意为“我希望你能...”

我希望明天晚上你能和我们一起去看电影。

I hope you can go to the movies with us tomorrow evening.

我希望你能和我们一起踢足球。

I hope you can play soccer with us.

4.I’d/We’d like to invite... 意为“我/我们想邀请...”

我想邀请你来参加我的生日聚会。

I'd like to invite you to my birthday party.

我们想邀请你和我们一起去买东西。

We'd like to invite you to go shopping with us.

接受邀请的应答语：

Certainly./ Of course./Sure./Yes，I’d love to./Yes，I’d like to.意为“当然可以/我很愿意”。

With pleasure.

“很乐意”。

All right.

“好吧”。

Yes， I’ll be glad to.

“是的，我很愿意”。

That‘s very kind of you. Thank you. /It's very nice of you. Thank you./That would be very nice of you. Thank you.

你太好了，谢谢你。

I'd love to come. Thank you for inviting me.

我很高兴来，感谢你邀请我。

注意：答语中 I’d love to中的to不可以省略.

谢绝邀请的应答语：

That's very kind of you, but I'm afraid...

你真是太好了，不过恐怕...。

I'd love/like to, but I have to...

我很想来，但我不得不...

I’m very sorry. I can’t...

很抱歉，我不能...

Sorry, but I can't. Thank you all the same.

对不起，我不能。可我仍然要谢谢你。

注意：

西方人的邀请一般比较慎重，他们一般不随便邀请别人到家里做客，也不轻易许诺邀请，一旦他们提出比较郑重的邀请，被邀请者则必须做出明确的答复。

拓展：

（1）can的其他用法：

1)表示能力，意思是“能;会”。

---Can you speak French?

你会说法语吗?

---No， I can’t.

不，我不会。

2)表示许可，意为“可以”，相当于may。另外 could也可以表示许可，但语气更加委婉。

You can take the car, if you want.

如果你想的话，你可以坐汽车。

3)表示推测，用于疑问句、否定句中，意为“会;可能”。

That can’t be Mr. Liu. He is not here at the moment.

那不可能是刘先生。他此刻不在这里

注意:表否定推测时要用can’t，而不能用 mustn’t，may not等。

---Mary must be at school.

玛丽肯定在学校。

---She can't be at school. I saw her in the street just now.

她不可能在学校，刚才我在街上看见她了。

4)表示禁止，意为“不准;禁止”。

You can’t play in the street.

你们不准在街道上玩。

（2）向别人发出邀请、请求，建议或征求别人的意见，还有几种表达方式，语气比较委婉，显得客气而有礼貌。

Let's + do sth. 咱们做某事吧

Let’s go shopping

咱们去购物吧

Shall we+ do sth? 我们做某事好吗?

Shall we go out for a walk?

我们出去散步好吗?

Would you mind(not)+ doing sth? 你介意(不)做某事吗?

Would you mind closing the door?

你介意关上门吗

How/ What about doing sth? 做某事怎么样?

How about playing basketball?

打篮球怎么样?

You’d better(not) do sth 你最好不要做某事

You'd better not read such books.

你最好不要看这样的书

Why don’t you do sth.?

Why not do sth.?(你)为什么不做某事呢?

Why don't you ask your teacher?

=Why not ask your teacher?

为什么不问你的老师呢?

Would you like (not)to do sth? 你愿意(不)做某事吗?

Would you like to have a rest?

你想休息一会儿吗？

Would/Could you please ( not) do sth? 请你(不要)做某事好吗？

Would you please wait for me?

请你等等我好吗?

B.目的/结果状语从句

Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised. 在没有告知斯蒂恩女士的前提下，把她带来参加聚会，以便她会感到惊喜。

so that意为“以便;为的是”，此处引导目的状语从句。

I study hard every day so that I can catch up with Tom.

我每天努力学习，以便能赶上汤姆。

Speak louder so that everybody is able to hear you clearly.

大点儿声说，以便每个人都能听清楚你的话。

拓展: so that与 in order to同义，只是前者跟句子，后者跟动词原形

He practices every day so that he can make the soccer team.

=He practices every day in order to make the soccer team.

为了能成为足球队的一员，他每天练习。

由such...that与so...that引导 “如此...以至于...”

基本句型：

such +a/an+形容词+单数名词+that

such+形容词+复数名词+that

such+形容词+不可数名词+that

so形容词/副词+that

so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that

She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.

=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.

她是一个这么可爱的女孩，以至于我们都很喜欢她。

注意：当名词前面有many、much、little、few修饰时，用so而不用such。

We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.

我们有如此多的时间，以至于我们能很好的完成工作。

辨析：so...that与 so that引导目的状语从句

so that: 意为“为了，以便；”，相当于in order that

so...that: 意为”如此...为了...”, so用来修饰形容词或副词，其从句中的谓语动词通常和can，may， should等情态动词连用，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号.

Liu Hai ran very fast, so that he caught the early bus.

=Liu Hai ran so fast that he could catch the early bus.

为了赶早班车，刘海跑的很快。

so that和so...that引导结果状语从句

1. so that引导结果状语从句时，作“因此;以致;所以”讲。so that与so...that的意思相近，但后者含有表示程度的意思，而前者却没有。

He spoke clearly so that everybody understood him.

他讲得很清楚，所以大家都听懂了。

2. so...that引号结果状语从句时，意为“如此...以至于”。so是副词，用以修饰其后的形容词或副词，说明其程度。so...that句型中的that在口语中常可以省去，其意思不变。

The story was so funny it made everybody laugh.

这个故事太滑稽了，把大家都逗笑了

3.so...that句型中的“so+形容词(或副词)”可以提至句首，以加强语气，但要注意用倒装语序。

So bright was the moon that the flowers were as bright as by day.

在如此明亮的月光下，花儿就像白天一样鲜艳。

五、话题作文

汤姆邀请杰克下周六去他家，但是杰克那天没有空，因此不能赴约。假如你是杰克，请根据提示写一封委婉拒绝汤姆邀请的信，并说明你不能赴约的原因。

提示：study for a test; have a piano lesson; go to the movies.

要求：

1.文章中必须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥；

2.词数60左右。文章开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Hi Tom,

Thanks for inviting me to your home.I’d love to come, but I’m sorry I can’t visit you on Saturday. I’m not available this weekend. In the morning, I have to study for a test.In the afternoon, I have a piano lesson. In the evening, I am going to the movies with my family. Maybe another time.

Best wishes,

Jack