一、词形转换

1．threat n．威胁

→threaten vt.威胁；危及

2．hunt v．打猎；搜寻；追捕

→ hunter n．猎人

3．rate n．速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级

→rating n．等级；级别

4．extinct adj.已灭绝的

→extinction n．灭绝

5．press vt.压；按

→pressure n．压力；要求

6．concern n．担心；关心 vt.让……担忧；涉及

→concerned adj.担心的；关切的

7．legal adj.法律的；合法的

→illegal adj.不合法的；非法的

→illegally adv.不合法地；非法地

8．alarm vt.使害怕；使惊恐；使担心 n．警报；恐慌；警报器

→alarming adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的

→alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的

9．intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要

→intention n．打算；目的

10．exist vi.存在；生存

→existence n．存在；生存

 

二、重点单词和短语

1．rate n．速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级；评价；评估

①Most people walk at an average rate of 5  kilometres an hour.n.速度

②The birth rate of that country is reducing.n.(比)率

③China and India are rated as the most attractive markets now.v.评价，看作

 

2．reserve n．(动植物)保护区；储藏(量)vt.预订；预留；保留

①These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with babies.vt.预留

②I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock.vt.预订

③We set up a wildlife reserve to protect endangered elephants.n.保护区

 

die out灭绝；逐渐消失；逐渐熄灭

[例1]　With society developing，many old customs are dying out.

随着社会的发展，许多古老的风俗在逐渐消失。

[例2]　With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many of the earth's species are dying out.

随着生存环境变得越来越糟，地球上的很多物种正在消失。

[造句]一旦大火熄灭，救援队就会马上进入。

Once the fire has died out，the rescue team will move in immediately.

[知识拓展]

die away　 逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失

die down     逐渐降低，逐渐平息

die off      相继死去

die of      死于(内因)

die from      死于(外因)

die for     为……而死

 

alarming adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的

[例1]　It is true that the earth's resources are running out at an alarming rate，so we should make good use of them.

的确，地球资源正以惊人的速度耗尽，所以我们应该好好利用它们。

[例2]　This idea seems to become less alarming.

这个想法似乎就变得不那么可怕了。

[造句]人口正以惊人的速度下降。

The population is dropping at an alarming rate.

[知识拓展]

(1)alarm  vt.　使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n. 警报；恐慌

in alarm 惊恐地

(2)alarmed adj.惊恐的；忧虑的

be alarmed at/by...对……大为惊慌

be alarmed to do...做……感到恐慌

We were alarmed at the alarming scream as the scream did alarm us.

我们被那令人惊恐的尖叫声吓了一跳，因为那叫声的确使我们感到惊恐。

 

aware of意识到；知道

We must make people aware of the problem and help   the endangered wildlife before it's too late！我们必须让人们意识到这个问题，并及时帮助……濒危野生动物！

[例1]　In conclusion，people around the world should be well aware of the real situation of water shortage.

总之，全世界的人们都应该清楚地知道水资源短缺的真实情况。

[例2]　The failure made me aware of my own shortcomings.

这次失败使我意识到了我自己的缺点。

[造句]每个人都意识到了污染的严重性。

Everybody is aware of the seriousness of pollution.

[知识拓展]

(1)be/become aware of...对……知道；明白；意识到

be/become aware that... 知道/体会到……

as/so far as I am aware  据我所知

make sb.aware of...  使某人意识到……

 

(2)awareness n.  意识；认识

develop an awareness of...  形成……的意识

raise awareness  提高意识

她还没意识到她做错了。

→She was not aware of having done wrong．

→She was not aware that she had done wrong．

→She was not aware of what she had done was wrong．

[名师点津]　

 (1)aware后跟名词性从句时，一般从句前不能用of，但在what从句前必须用of。

(2)修饰aware可用well，much，very much，fully，但不用very。

(3)be aware后一般不接不定式。

 

average adj.平均的；正常的；普通的  n．平均水平；平均数

(教材P14)How many elephants are killed on average every day？平均每天有多少头大象被杀？

[例1]　He is working hard and his grades are above the average in his class.

他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平。

[例2]　The average of 3，8 and 10 is 7.

3，8，10的平均数为7。

[造句]每个班平均有10名学生未通过考试。

An average of ten students haven't passed the exam in each class.

[知识拓展]

(1)on (the)average　 平均来看

above (the)average   高于平均水平

below (the)average     低于平均水平

(2)an average of...     平均有……(后跟数词)

the average of...     ……的平均数

The temperature now is below average．

此时的气温低于平均水平。

 

concerned about对……关切的；为……担忧的

(教材P15)I'm concerned about the African elephants.

我很担心非洲大象。

[例1]　She is concerned about/for her son's future.

她担忧她儿子的未来。

[例2]　You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him and you will meet after class and talk then.

你会告诉你的朋友你很关心他，下课后你们会见面交谈。

[造句]我们都担心她的安全。

We are all concerned about her safety.

[知识拓展]

(1)concern vt.　(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系

show concern for 关心

(2)concerned adj.  担心的；关注的

as/so far as...be concerned 关于；至于；就……而言

be concerned with sth.   牵涉到；与……有关

(3)concerning prep.     关于

The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina.He was concerned that she might miss the turning and get lost.All the difficulties concerning Pamina were solved by the prince.这故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。他担心她可能会错过转弯的地方而迷路。所有与帕米娜有关的难事都由王子解决。

 

adapt vi.适应  vt.使适应；使适合；改编

(教材P15)Elephants need large living spaces，so it's difficult for them to adapt to the changes.

大象需要很大的生存空间，所以它们很难适应变化。

[例1]　Not only has she adapted (herself)to the fast rhythm of city life，but she is becoming more and more outgoing.

她不仅已经适应了快节奏的城市生活，而且变得越来越开朗。

[例2]　After graduation from college，I gradually adapted myself to living on my own.

大学毕业后，我逐渐适应了独立生活。

[造句]据说这部新影片是根据一本小说改编的。

This new film is said to be adapted from a novel.

[知识拓展]

(1)adapt to　　　 适合，适应

adapt oneself to     使自己适应

adapt...to...     使……适应……

adapt...for...     将……改编为……

adapt sth. from sth.  根据……改编……

(2)adaptable adj.    能适应的；可修改的

(3)adaptation n.     改编本；适应

[名师点津]　

 adapt (oneself)to中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。

The children are finding it hard to adapt to their new surroundings.

孩子发觉很难适应新环境。

 

measure n．措施；方法 vt.测量；度量；估量

(教材P15)What measures are being taken to help them?

正在采取什么措施来帮助它们呢？

[例1]　The room measures 10 metres across.

这个房间宽十米。

[例2]　Education shouldn't be measured purely by examination results.

教育不应该仅仅用考试结果来衡量。

[造句]你们应该采取有效措施来改善你们的工作环境。

You should take effective measures to improve your working conditions．

[知识拓展]

(1)take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事

made to measure  量身定制的

(2)measure sth. by sth.  用某物来衡量某物

[名师点津]　

measure表示“量度为”时，是系动词，后跟测量结果，不用于被动语态及进行时。类似用法的单词还有weigh。

Think about measures of measuring the weight of the elephant.

思考测量大象重量的办法。

 

observe vt.观察到；注视；看到；注意到；遵守(规则、法律等)；庆祝

(教材P16)This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.

这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。

[例1]　As a middle school student，he should observe the school rules and traffic regulations.

作为一个中学生，他应该遵守校规和交通规则。

[例2]　I observed that several students were asleep in class.

我注意到有几个学生在课堂上睡着了。

[造句]全世界的中国人都庆祝春节。

Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival.

[知识拓展]

(1)observe sb. do sth.观察到某人做了某事

observe sb. doing sth.观察到某人正在做某事

observe＋that从句  发现……

(2)observation n.  观察，观测

[名师点津]　

表示“注意到，看到”，后面接复合宾语，其中用动词不定式和v.­ing形式作宾语补足语，但动词不定式作宾语补足语时，要省略动词不定式符号to，强调动作发生的全过程，但用于被动语态时，不定式符号to不可省略；v.­ing形式作宾语补足语时，强调动作正在进行。

When we attend the parade to observe the National Day，we must observe the traffic regulations.If we observe someone run a red light，we should stop him.

当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候，我们必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。

 

remind vt.提醒；使想起

(教材P16)I'm also reminded of the danger they are in.

我也意识到了它们所处的危险。

[例1]　I don't want them to remind me of her.

我不想因它们而想起她来。

[例2]　Reminded not to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.

尽管被提醒不要酒后驾车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，这十分危险。

[造句]这些老照片使我想起了我在农村度过的那些日子。

These old photos reminded me of the days I spent in the countryside.

[知识拓展]

remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事

remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事

remind sb. that...   使某人想起……；提醒某人……

 

intend v．计划；打算；想要

(教材P16)The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。

[例1]　The meeting is intended to deal with some important problems.

开这个会的目的是想解决一些重要问题。

[例2]　I had intended to watch the game，but I had something more important to do.

＝I intended to have watched the game，but I had something more important to do.

我本打算看这场比赛，但是有更重要的事要做。

[造句]女朋友和我打算明年结婚。

My girlfriend and I intend to get married next year.

[知识拓展]

(1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事

intend sb. to do sth.    打算让某人做某事

(2)be intended to do...  为了做……

be intended for...   专门为……而设计的；专供……使用的

(3)had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth. 本打算做某事(但没有做)

(4)intention n.  打算；计划

have intention of doing...打算做……

The water is not intended for drinking.

这是非饮用水。

I intend you to take over the business.

我打算让你来接管生意。

 

三、重点句型

This is why...“这就是……的原因”。

(教材P16)This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.

这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。

[句式分析]

This is why...这就是……的原因。此处why引导表语从句。

[例1]　Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.

汤姆病了。那就是他开会迟到的原因。

[例2]　I've got a cold，that is why I wouldn't like to have a meal.

我感冒了，那就是我不想吃饭的原因。

[造句]这就是为什么我写信要求做一名志愿者。

This is why I am writing this letter asking to be a volunteer.

[知识拓展]

(1)That/This is/was why...

这就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)

(2)That/This is/was because...

这是因为……(because从句表示原因)

(3)The reason why...is/was that...

……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)

①The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low．

他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。

②Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill．

汤姆开会迟到了。那是因为他病了。

 

only修饰状语位于句首，用部分倒装。

(教材P16)Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.

只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。

[句式分析]

only修饰状语从句放在句首时主句须部分倒装。

[例1]　Only in this way can you work out the problem.

只有这样，你才能算出这道题来。

[例2]　Only if he gets a job can he have enough money to continue his studies at college.

他只有找到工作才能有足够的钱继续大学的学业。

[造句]只有到那时我才意识到我做错了。

Only then did I realize that I had done wrong.

[知识拓展]

only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即把句子谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。

[名师点津]　

若only修饰主语，即使在句首也不倒装。

①Only in this way can young people learn how to observe excellent traditions.

只有这样年轻人才能学会如何遵守优良的传统。

②Only when he returned home was he aware of what had happened.

当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。

③Only by practising papercutting more can you learn the folk art.

只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。

 

(教材P16)Watching them move slowly across the green grass，I was struck by their beauty.

分析：本句是一个简单句。watching them move slowly across the green grass在句中作状语。

译文：看着它们慢慢地穿过绿色的草地，我被它们的美丽所打动。

 

(教材P16)The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.

[分析]　本句是一个主从复合句，since引导的是一个原因状语从句。

[译文]　然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。

 

(教材P16)Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.

[分析]　本句是一个主从复合句，when we learn to exist in harmony with nature为时间状语从句，因前面有only修饰，故主句要用部分倒装。

[译文]　只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。 

英语时文阅读软件可以直接在手机微信小程序上阅读，也可以在电脑、平板上面学习，使学习者更加有效地开展英语阅读，英语听说读写全面提升。

　

 

本文由网友自行投稿发布或来源于网络，不代表本站最终观点，如果内容若侵犯你的权益，请联系本站删除。