仁爱版 | 八年级英语上册各单元必考知识点总结

Unit1 Playing Sports

Topic1

【重点单词】

1. healthy(同义词)fit(名词)health

2. win(过去式)won(名词)winner

3. ski(现在分词)skiing

4. famous(比较级)more famous

5. arrive(同义词)reach

6. leave(过去式))left

7. popular(最高级)most popular

【重点短语】

1. during the summer holidays在暑假期间

2. between…and…在两者之间

3. cheer sb. on为某人加油

4. prefer doing sth.更喜欢做某事

5. quite a bit/a lot很多

6. plan to do sth.计划做某事

7. have a skating club举办滑雪俱乐部

8. go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking

去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足

9. arrive in/at到达

10. play against…与……对抗/较量

11. for long很久

12. leave for…动身去…

13. the day after tomorrow后天

14. China’s national team中国国家队

15. play baseball打棒球

16. at least至少

17. What a shame! 多羞愧！

18. be good at善于做某事

19. take part in参加

20. all over the world全世界

21. be good for对……有益

22. a good way一种好方法

23. keep fit/healthy保持健康

24. relax oneself放松某人自己

【重点句型】

1. What’s your favorite sport? = What sport do you like best? 你最喜爱的运动是什么?

2. Which sport do you prefer? = Which sport do you like better?你更喜欢什么运动?

I prefer skating. = I like skating better. 我更喜欢滑雪.

3. Do you skate much? = Do you often skate? 你常滑雪吗?

4. She spends at least half an hour in the gym every day. 每天她至少花半小时在体育馆.

5. She plays baseball pretty well and she is also good at jumping. 她棒球打得相当好而且擅长于跳.

6. What kind of sports do you like? = Which sport do you like? 你喜欢哪种运动?

7. Would you like to come and cheer us on? 你愿意来为我们加油吗？

8. What are you going to be when you grow up? 当你长大后做什么？

9. There is going to be a school sports meet next month.下月有一场运动会。

【考点详解】

1. see sb. do sth “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程；

see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行。

如：I saw her go across the street. 我看见她过了马路。

I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路。

2. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列”“和某人在一起”

join + 组织表示 “加入某个组织”

take part in 表示 “参加某个活动”

如：Will you join us?

I will join the skiing club.

She is planning to take part in the high jump.

3. arrive in + 大地点

arrive at + 小地点

get to + 地点 = reach + 地点

如：My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.

I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.

注意：reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home

4. leave… 离开……

leave for… 动身去…/离开到…

如：They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京。

They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本。

5. a few“几个，一些” 修饰可数名词

a little“一点点” 修饰不数名词

如：There are a few eggs in the basket.

There is a little water in the bottle.

6. how long 表示“多久(时间)”; 提问时间段.

how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率.

如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. → How long will they stay in Beijing?

He plays basketball twice a week. → How often does he play basketball?

7. be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth.

擅长于(做)某事

如：She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.

8. make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某种状态

keep …sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某种状态

如：Playing soccer can make your body strong.

Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.

【重点语法】

【一般将来时】

1. be going to 结构

① 表示主语计划、打算做某事。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。

I’m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.

我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。

She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.

她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。

②表预测，指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。

Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain.

瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！

2. will + 动词原形

表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year…)等连用。will not = won’t; 缩略形式为’ll.

① 表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。

---Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。

---I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。

② 表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。

I’m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。

Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。

③ 表示许诺。

I’ll do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。

I’ll visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。

句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.

否定句：I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon.

一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?

回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they won’t.

3. 动词plan, come, go, leave等瞬时动词用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。

I’m coming. 我就来。

He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。

We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。

Topic2

【重点单词】

1. 词形转换

(1) adj. + ly → adv.

loud → loudly soft → softly quiet → quietly

clear → clearly angry → angrily easy → easily

(2)过去式

fall → fell break → broke lose →lost throw → threw feel → felt

(3)

ill (同义词)sick (名词)illness

start(同义词)begin

far(反义词)near

smoke(现在分词)smoking

careless(反义词)careful

important(比较级) more important

enjoy(现在分词)enjoying

invent(名词)invention; inventor

indoor(反义词)outdoor

century(复数)centuries

coach(复数)coaches

feel (名词)feeling

tiring(近义词)tired

【重点短语】

1. have a soccer game 进行一场足球赛

2. fall ill 病倒了

3. be a little far from… 离……有点远

4. right away = at once 立刻;马上

5. miss a good chance 错过一个好机会

6. get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分

7. shame on sb. 为某人感到羞耻

8. do one’s best 尽某人的力

9. say sorry to sb. 对某人说抱歉

10. be sure to do sth. 确定做某事

11. be angry with… 生某人的气

12. with>13. serve food 上菜

14. turn up/down… 调高/低（音量）

15. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事

16. in a minute 一分钟后；马上

17.on the phone 在电话中

18. take a seat 就坐

19. never mind 不要紧

20. a lot of traveling 一系列旅行

21. love/enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事

22. have a very exciting life 过着非常兴奋的生活

23. as well 也

24. throw…into… 把……投进……

25. follow/obey the rules 遵守规则

26. over a century later 一个多世纪后

27. more and more people 越来越多的人

28. feel tired 感到疲劳

29. instead of… 替代……

30. ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事

31. make a plan for sb. 为某人订一份计划

32. build up 增进;增强

33. have fun doing sth. 乐于做…..做某事

34. be important to 对于......来说是重要

35. in a minute/ at once/ right away 立刻/马上

【重点句型】

1. Could you please do me a favor? = Could you help me? = Could you give me a hand? 你能帮我吗？

2. Would you mind teaching me? = Would you please teach me? 你教我好吗？

3. Would you mind not smoking here? 你不要在这里抽烟好吗？

4. You are always so careless. 你总是这样粗心大意.

5. I’m very sorry for what I said. 我为所说感到到道歉。

6. We are sure to win next time 下次，我们一定回赢。

7. Let me buy you a new one. = Let me buy a new one for you. 让我为你买一个新的。

8. He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play it even in bad weather. 他为他的学生们发明了一项室内运动以便他们甚至在恶劣的天气也能玩。

9. And you can throw it with one hand or both hands.你能用一只手或两只手投掷它。

10. I have great fun running and I feel well and look fit .我总是快乐地跑步和我感到很好，看上去很健康。

【考点详解】

1. ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, ill只能作表语，而sick既可作表语也可作定语。

The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语)

He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语)

2. Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示“(不)做某事介意/好吗?”

Would you mind coming and checking it? 来修理它好吗?

Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗?

3. One of my teammates is strong and tall. 其中我的一个队友又高又壮。

4. miss 错过，思念，遗失

I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车.

He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲.

My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了.

5. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “确定做某事”

We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time.

我们确信下次一定会赢。

6. be sorry for… “为某事抱歉”

be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”

I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉。

I’m sorry I lost your book. = I’m sorry to lose your book. 很抱歉弄丢你的书。

7. tired adj. “（感到）疲惫的” , 主语是人。

如：I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了.

tiring adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物

如：This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫.

类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的

interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的

8. 15-year-old “15岁的”；15 years old “15岁”

如：He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.

9. instead “替代，相反”, 一般单独使用，放在句末，前面用逗号隔开。

instead of…“替代……;而不是……”

I won’t go to Shanghai. I’ll go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京。= I’ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.

I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水。

10. have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “从做…….中获得乐趣”

如：I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。

【交际用语】

1. 请求和回答

Requests(请求)	Responses（回答）
Could you please do me a favor?	Sure. What is it?
Will you join us?	I’d be glad to.
Would you mind teaching me?	Not at all. Let’s go and practice.

2. 道歉和回答

Apologies（道歉）	Responses（回答）
I’m sorry I didn’t call you last night.	Never mind. I guess you were busy last night.
I’m sorry I’m late for class.	That’s OK. Please take a seat.
I’m sorry I lost your book.	It doesn’t matter. That book isn’t important to me.
I’m sorry I broke your pen.	Don’t worry. I have another pen.