Unit 4 History and Traditions

一、重点单词

puzzle n. 谜，智力游戏；疑问 vt. 迷惑；使困惑

1.不知如何是好，感到困惑；in a puzzle

2.解开谜团；solve a puzzle

3.带着疑惑的表情:wear a puzzled expression

4.令人费解的事实；a puzzling fact

Begingning a new life in a new place can be very puzzling.

 

belong vi. 应在（某处）；适应

归属感: a sense of belonging

这是谁的课本？

Who does this textbook belong to?

他是高尔夫球俱乐部的成员。

He belongs to the golf club.

温馨提示：belong to不用于进行时态也没有被动语态。类似用法的还有take place, occur, happen等。

 

defend v. 防御，保护，辩解，辩护

保卫......免受...... defend ... against/from...

→ defence n 防御；保卫

1.为保卫......；为......辩护 in defence of...

2.为某人辩护 in one’s defence

有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护？

What points can be raised  in defence of this argument.

温馨提示：与defend ... from / against ... 用法类似的还有：prevent ... (from) ...; stop ... (from) ...; keep ... from ...; protect ... from / against ...等，在被动语态中from都不可省略。

 

surround vt.围绕；包围

1.用......包围...... surround...with…..

2.和......在一起，与......为伍: surround oneself with…..

→ surrounding 附近的，四周的

周围环境:surrounding environment

→ surroundings 环境（复数）

1.欣赏环境: enjoy/admire the surroundings

2.美丽的环境:beautiful surroundings

3.适应新环境:be/get used to the new surroundings.

 

evident adj. 明显的，显然的

她显然不开心。

It was evident that she was unhappy.

→ evidence n. 证据，根据，证明

1.寻找证据:look for/search for evidence

2.找到证据:find evidence

3（出庭）作证: give evidence

4.医学证据:medical evidence

5.有力的证据:strong evidence

6.一项证据:a piece of evidence

 

achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到

1.取的成就；make an achievment

2.某人在某方面的成就:one’s achievement in 

3.在做某事方面取得成就: make an achievement in doing sth

4.伟大的、了不起的成就：a great /remarkable achievement

→ achieve vt. 实现；（经过努力）取得，达到

→ achievable adj. 可实现的，可达到的:

 

fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的

1.迷人的地方；a fascinating place

2.引人入胜的故事: a fascinating story

3.看上去、听起来迷人:look/sound fascinating 

4.令某人着迷: be fascinating to sb

5.看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。

It’s fascinating to see how different people approach the problem.

 

charge n.收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电

1.收他十美元修自行车费: charging him 10 dollars for repairing his bike.

2.指控他超速:charge him with speeding

3.免费: free of charge

请问我可以和国际销售部的负责人说话吗？

Could I speak to whoever is in charge of international sales, please.

你知道琳达是否愿意负责这个节目吗？

Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?

 

announce vt.宣布；通知；声称

1.向某人宣布..... .announce sth to sb

2.据宣布 it is announced that ...

3.正如宣布的那样 as is announced

At the end of the meeting, it was announced  (announce) that an agreement had been reached.

→ announcement n. 通知，公告

官方公告: an official announcement

 

amount n. 金额；数量

1.大量地、少量地  in large/small amounts.

在这么短的时间内他几乎不能做完这些工作。

Hardly could he get through this amount of work in such short time.

A large amount of time has been spent  in finishing this task so far.

 

approach n.方法；途径；接近 vt 接近；接洽；着手处理  vi 靠近

1.走近房子 approach the house

2.看到、听到......接近 see/hear sb/sth approaching

3.容易接近、难以接近 be easy/difficult to approach

4.处理问题 approach the problem/matter

5.......的来临 the approach of….

6.做某事的方法 an approach to doing sth

7.在快到......的时候 at the approach of...

温馨提示-表示“方法、方式”的短语荟萃：

approach to (doing) sth.

in this way to do/of doing sth.

with this method of doing sth.

in a...manner of doing sth. 

 

generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的

1.对某人很慷慨be generous to

2.乐于做某事be generous in

3．在某方面很大方:be generous with sth

4.某人做某事真是慷慨。It is generous of sb to do sth.

没有你的慷慨帮忙，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。

I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.

→ generously adv.慷慨大方地

→ generosity n. 慷慨；大方

 

eager adj. 热切的；渴望的

1.渴望做某事；be eager to do sth

2.渴望得到某事: be eager for sth

3.He’s a bright kind and eager to learn.

be eager that 希望；渴望。此时从句谓语一般用“should＋动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，should可以省略。

→ eagerly adv. 热切地，渴望地

They’re eagerly waiting for the big day.

→ eagerness n. 热切，渴望

People were pushing each other out of way in their eagerness to get to the front.

 

greet vt.问候；迎接

1.迎接客人 greet guests

2.在机场迎接某人 greet sb at the airport

3.向某人点头致意 greet sb with a nod.

Whenever I meet her, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

→ greeting n.问候；打招呼

 

crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众   vt.挤满；使......拥挤

1.一群、成群的人: a crowd of/crowds of people

2.在机场迎接某人: in the crowd

3．挤进、涌入纽约中心: crowd into the center of new network

4.涌入某人的心头:crowded into one’s mind

→ crowded 拥挤的，挤满的

挤满......be crowded with

In crowded  (crowd) places like airports and railway station, you must take care of your luggage.

 

二、重点短语。

1. be similar to与......相似

(1)在某方面相似be similar in

(2)与......相同；the same as

(3)与......不同:be different from

(4)在......方面不同；be different in

Her ideas are quite similar to mine.

The two cars are very similar in size and design.

 

2.be confused by 对......感到困惑

(1)变得困惑:become/get confused

(2)困惑的感情: a confused expression

(3)把A和B弄混；confuse A with B

All the roads looked the same and he felt confused.

注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。

Be careful not to confuse quantity with quality.

 

3. join..to..把......和......连接或联结起来

(1)Connect…..with/to......把......跟......联系起来

(2)与......“有关系、有联系多种表达：

Be related to ; be linked with/to be involved in; be associated with;

have something to do with

(3)You have to join the smaller piece of wood to the main part.

 

4. break away(from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱；克服（习惯）

(1)打碎；分裂；（会议或聚会）结束，散会；（团体）解散:break up

(2)出故障；垮掉；失败: break down

(3)突破:Break through

(4)（战争、火灾）突然发生、爆发:break out

上周史密斯家的汽车被撬了。

The Smiths had their car broken into last week.

那位老人不在家时，窃贼闯进屋里了。

Thieves had broke in while the old man was away.

 

5. result in 结果为；导致；

(1)由于；源自:result from

(2)结果，因此: as a result 

(3)作为......、的结果as a result of

(4)我们还在处理过去的因失误所造成的问题。

We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the post.

 

6.as well as 同（一样也）；和；还

(1)In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well

(2)The basketball coach, as well as his team was interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

(3)This training program can give you a gift at work, as well as increase your income by 40%.

 

7.leave behind 落下、忘带；留下；把......抛在后面

(1)把我的伞落在火车上: leave my umbrella behind on the train.

(2)动身去北京；leave for Beijing

(3)不要打扰我:leave me alone

(4)省去具体细节:leave out details

(5)漏掉一个字母:leave out a letter

(6)他动身前往华盛顿，把几个孩子留给了他的母亲。

He set off for Washington, leaving the children behind his mother.

 

8.date back to 起源于，追溯到

(1)这所学院创办于中世纪。

The college dates back to medieval times.

(2)这些可以追溯到1855年的石阶开始出现磨损。

The stone steps, dating back to 1885. Are beginning to wear.

 

9.keep your eyes open(for)

keep you eyes out (for ) 留心；留意

(1)吸引某人的注意: catch one’s eye

(2)注视，盯着看: fix one’s eyes on

(3)照看；留意；密切注意:keep an eye on

(4)对......有鉴赏力；have an eye for.

(5)直视某人:look sb in the eye

 

10. offer sb sth 向某人提供某物；offer sth to sb

(1)愿意、主动提出做某事:offer to do sth

(2)提供帮助、提出建议:offer help/advice

(3)“提供给某人某物”的表达：provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb

Supply sb with sth/supply sth to sb

(4)-why did you have the position?

I  was offered a better position at IBM.

 

11.make up 组成，构成；编造；化妆；弥补

<1>组成一个队 ：make up a team

<2> 编故事：make up a story

<3> 编借口：make up an excuse

<4> 在镜子前化妆：make up before the mirror

<5> 弥补损失：make up for the loss

 

12.breathe in 吸气；吸入

(1)深呼吸：breathe deeply

(2)呼气；呼出（气体）；breathe out

(3)松一口气: breathe a sigh of relief 

(4)深吸一口气: take a deep breath

(4)屏住呼吸；屏息以待；hold one’s breath

(5)上气不接下气；out of breath

 

三、重要句型

1. must have been一定做过某事

(1)我一定是在上历史课的那一部分时睡着了。

I must have been asleep in that part of our history class.

(2)汤姆上班从来不迟到。为什么他今天缺席了？

-Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today？

他一定是发生了什么事？

-something must have happened to him.

 

2.sb/sth is likely to do sth某人、某物有可能做某事

(1)你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。

You are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand….

(2)如果你在一个大家庭中长大，你就更有可能发展与他人和睦相处的能力。

If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.

 

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