一、可数名词有单数和复数两种形式

1.名词由单数变复数的规则变化

①名词复数规则 

a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：

book-books, bag-bags

cat-cats, bed-beds 

b．以s.、x、 sh、 ch结尾，加-es，如：

bus-buses, box-boxes

brush-brushes, watch-watches 

注意：部分o结尾要加-es，它们是“英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”

Negro-Negroes, hero- heroes

potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes

c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：

family-families

strawberry-strawberries 

d．以“元音字母加+y”结尾，直接加-s，如：

toy-toys, monkey-monkeys

key-keys

e．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：

knife-knives 

②不规则变化 (需要平时多加积累)

a．改变单数名词中的元音字母，如：

man-men, woman-women

foot-feet,.tooth-teeth

b．单复数形式相同，如：

sheep-sheep, deer-deer

Chinese-Chinese

Japanese-Japanese

c．词尾加-en，如：

ox-oxen 

 

二、不可数名词

表示方法：“数词或冠词+表示计量单词的词+of+不可数名词”，如：

a piece of paper   一张纸

a bottle of ink   一瓶墨水

two cups of tea    两杯茶

 

三、名词所有格（表示人或物的所有和所属关系）

1.有生命的名词的所有格，其单数形式是加’s，其复数形式只在最后加’。

2.结尾不是s的复数形式仍加’s。

3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等名词的所有格要用’s或’。

4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构。

5.双重所有格。

6.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有’s，则表示“分别有”；如果两个名词并列，只有一个’s，则表示共有。

 

四、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间单复数的一致问题（主谓一致）

五、常见的名词辨析

练习

一、写出下列各词的复数。 

family _________  key _________

class _______  bed ______   

watch _______ book_______

child _______  photo ________ 

diary ______   day________ 

foot________  dress ________

tooth_______  sheep ______ 

box_______  strawberry _____

thief _______  peach______

sandwich ______   man______ 

woman_______   people________

 

二、选择题

1. ---It’s hot today. Have some ________, please.

---No, thanks. I’m not thirsty at all.

A. water  B. potatoes  C. bread  D. cakes

2. Tom's parents bought a pair of __________ for him yesterday.

A. shirts  B. socks C. sweaters D. bags

3. The meeting will last four days，from Monday to__________.

A. Friday  B. Tuesday  C. Thursday D.Saturday

4. Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as__ to keep healthy.

A. tomatoes and potatoes

B. tomatos and potatos

C. tomatos and potatoes

5. Times magazine says that smart Lego has become one of ________ favorite toys.

A. child B. children  C. children’s   D.childrens’

6. I'm hungry.Can you give me two bowls of __________？

A.rice B. rices C. hamburger D. hamburgers

 

☛ 人称代词和物主代词

人称代词和物主代词 

1.人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后（动宾短语&介宾短语）。 

2.物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。 

填写代词表。

人称代词

物主代词

练习

一、按要求写出下列代词的形式

1. I(宾格) _________________ 

2. it(宾格) _________________  

3. he(形容词性物主代词) __________

4. him(复数) _______________ 

5. us(主格) ___________  

6. her(形容词性物主代词) __________ 

7. they(宾格) _________________ 

8. my(复数) _________________ 

9. she(宾格) ____________ 

0. they(名词性物主代词) ___________

11. you(名词性物主代词) __________ 

12. we(单数) _________________ 

 

二、用所给词的适当形式填空

1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )

2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 

3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) 

4._________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) 

5._________ dresses are red. (we) What color are _________? ( you ) 

三、选择题

1. —Jenny, is that __________ pen?

—Yes, it's__________ pen.

A. your；my   B. your；her

C. my；my     D. his；her

2. This is my book.Where is__________？

A. him  B. your  C. her  D. yours

3. It's not __________baseball.It's__________.

A. you；he       B. his；hers

C. your；him   D. my；your

4. This is __________ID card.It's __________ID card.

A. a；his      B. an；you

C. an；her   D. a；my

5.To my surprise, he sold ______ house at such a low price.

A. he  B. him   C. his  D. himself

6. —Whose iPad is this?

—I think it's __________.She was looking for it everywhere.

A. she's   B. her  C. she   D. hers

7. —Do you like watching pingpong matches?

—Yes, and __________ favorite pingpong player is Ma Long.

A. we  B. us  C. my  D. ours

8. —Is this your schoolbag?

—No, it isn’t. _______is under the desk.

A. My  B. Mine  C. Me  D.I

9. —Jane, is this Tom's umbrella?

—No, it isn't __________.He didn't take one this morning.

A. him  B. he  C. his  D.them

10. My mother used to make breakfast for _____ every morning, but now I do it myself.

A. mine  B. my  C. I  D. me

 

☛  冠词

冠词的定义：

冠词是置于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词不能离开名词而单独存在。

冠词的分类：定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词 

(1) 定冠词（the）：the通常有明确的所指，即以说话人和听话人已知的人或事物为前提，可与单数可数名词、复数可数名词或不可数名词放在一起使用。

(2) 不定冠词（a\an）：a\an有不确定的意义，即所说的人或事物对听者或读者来说可能是不知道的，其中an放在以元音开头的名词前面，如an apple。不定冠词只能与单数可数名词结合，基本含义有“该类中的一例”、“只有一个”、“每一个”等。

(3) 零冠词：即不使用冠词。一般来说，在复数可数名词、不可数名词或专有名词前不使用冠词。

 

选择题

1. —Can you play__________ basketball, Mike?

—Yes, I can.

A. a  B. an  C. /  D. the

2. I have __________ English book.

A. the  B. a  C. an  D. /

3. I go to__________school after__________ breakfast.

A. the；the  B. the；/  C. /；the  D. /；/

4. This is__________ apple and that's __________ pear.

A. a；an  B. an；a  C. an；an  D. a；a

5. To be __________ good dancer, you need to learn more.

A. the  B. a  C. an   D. /

6. David is ______ eight-year-old boy with short black hair.

A. /  B. a  C. an  D. the

7. Tom is ________ shy boy, but he's good at playing ______basketball.

A. an；the  B. a；the  

C. a；/    D. an；/

8. She usually has ________ egg and some porridge for ________ breakfast.

A. an; the  B. an; \

C. a; the   D. a; \

9. —Did you have__________good day yesterday?

—Yeah, I really had fun at the party！

A. an  B. a  C. /  D.the

 

☛ 数词

1. 基数词

基数词的构成方法: 

0-10 :

11-19:

20-90:

21-99:在十位和个位之间加连字符“-”。例: 

twenty-one, thirty-two

ninety-nine等。 

 

101-999:百位数+and+末(两)位数。例:

two hundred and six

nine hundred and twenty-one 

 

1000以上:从右向左数,每三位加逗号,第一个逗号前为 thousand,第二个逗号前为 million,第三个逗号前为billion(10亿)。每节从左到右按百、十、个的顺序读出。例:

2002: two thousand and two

977, 102: nine hundred and seventy-seven million

 

★基数词的用法要点 

①基数词及 hundred, thousand, million等表示确切数量时,不能加s; 表示模糊数量时,要以复数形式出现,后面加-s。例: 

There are nine thousand, seven hundred and twenty-eight books in the library.

这个图书馆里有9, 728本书。 

There are hundreds of people in the hall. 

大厅里有数以百计的人。 

They went to the theater in twos and threes.

他们三三两两地来到了剧院。 

 

②表示不确切的年龄或年代时,用“几十”的复数形式。例: 

He became a professor in his thirties.  

他三十多岁时成为了教授。 

It was in the1960s.  

那是在二十世纪六十年代。

 

2. 序数词

⑴构成规则

第1--第3：

one → first; two → second(2nd); three→ third(3rd) 

 

第4--第19: 

一般都是“基数词+th”结构,但fifth, eighth, ninth和twelfth结构特殊,我们要加以留意。 

 

第20-第几十几：

整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改结尾字母y为i，再加-eth构成。如：

twenty—twentieth

 

第一百以上的多位序数词：

由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表达。如：

one hundred and twenty-first

（序数词可以缩写成“数字+序数词的后两个字母”形式。）

 

★⑵序数词的用法要点:

①序数词一般与定冠词the连用。有时前面也可以加不定冠词,表示“再一; 又一”。例:

This is the first time that I have been in China.   

这是我第一次来到中国。 

We'll go over it a second time.

我们得再念第二遍。 

 

②当序数词的前面有物主代词等限定词修饰时 不用任何冠词。例: 

Today is the baby's first birthday. 

今天是这个婴儿的第一个生日。 

 

③序数词在句中作副词时,不用任何冠词。例: 

Linda always comes first in English.

琳达英语总是第一名。 

 

注意：基数词也可以表示顺序。只需要将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。

the first lesson---Lesson One

the fifth page--- Page Five

 

3. 时间

 

4. 分数、小数、百分数

 

选择题

1. Meimei is going to be an older sister. Her parents are planning to have their __________ child. 

A. one B. two  C. first D. second

2. Helen loves reading.She has read __________ books this month. 

A. five    B. fifth  C. five of  D. fifth of

3. Jack got his driver's license on his __________ birthday.

A. twenty of   B. twenty  C. twentieth  D. twenty's

4. August is the __________month of the year.

A. eight  B. eighty  C. eighth  D. eighteen

5. —Which day is the__________day of the week?

—It's Friday.

A. six  B. sixes  C. sixth D. sixth's

6. Yesterday was his________birthday.He enjoyed himself.

A. twelfth  B. twelve  C. the twelfth

 

☛ 一般现在时

一般现在时基本用法介绍 　　

一般现在时的功能　　

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：

The sky is blue.

天空是蓝色的。　　

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：

I get up at six every day.

我每天六点起床。　　

3.表示客观现实。如：

The earth goes around the sun.

地球绕着太阳转。　　

一般现在时的构成　　

1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：

I am a boy.

我是一个男孩。　　

2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：

We study English.

我们学习英语。　　

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，动词要用第三人称单数形式。如：

Mary likes Chinese.

玛丽喜欢汉语。

动词三单的变化规则 

1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：

cook-cooks, milk-milks 

2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：

guess-guesses, wash-washes

watch-watches, go-goes 

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：

study-studies 

 

练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数。

drink ________   go _______

stay ________   make ________   

look _________  have_______ 

pass_______   carry ____ 

come________    watch______ 

plant_______    fly ________ 

study_______   brush________ 

teach_______

　　

一般现在时的变化

1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：

He is not a worker.他不是工人。　　

一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：

-Are you a student? 

-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 　

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：

Where is my bike? 　　

2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：

I don't like bread. 

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：

He doesn't often play. 　

一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：

- Do you often play football? 

- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 　　

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：

- Does she go to work by bike? 

- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 　　

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：

How does your father go to work?

 

练习

一、用do，does，don’t，doesn’t填空

1. ---_________ you have a tennis ball?

---Yes, I ___________.

2. ---_________Jodie have a tennis racket?

---Yes, she __________.

3. ---_________ your sister have a volleyball?

---No, she ___________.

4. ---_________ they have a new TV? 

---Yes, they ___________.

5. ---_________ your brothers have some notebooks?

---Yes, they ___________.

6. ---_________ Sam and Sally have two ping-pong bats?

---No, they ___________.

7. ---_________ her mom play tennis every day?

---No, she ___________.

8. ---_________ his friends like to play tennis with him?

---Yes, they ___________.

二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 

2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 

3. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 

4. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 

5. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 

三、选择题

1. I __________ a basketball.She __________ a soccer ball.

A. has; have    B. has; has

C. have; hasn  D. have; have

2. I __________ know Tom.

A. am not  B.don't   C. isn't     D.aren't

3.He ________ sports. He only _________ them on TV.

A. doesn’t play; watch

B. don’t play; watch

C. doesn’t play; watches

D. don’t play; watches

4. －When ____you have a school trip?

—Sorry,I don't know.I'm busy_____ my art festival.

A. are；in     B. do；with

C. are；with D. do；in

5. I don't like basketball，but my son__________.

A. like B. liked  C. do D. does

6. —In the morning，Bill always __________ tennis with his sister.

—Yes.And in the afternoon they __________ pingpong.

A. play；play      B. plays；play

C. play；plays    D. plays；plays

7. —Do you __________ geography next week?

—Yes，we do.

A. know  B. have  C. get D. look

8. My mother is an English teacher and she __________in a middle school.

A. teach    B. teacher C. teaches D. teaching

9. —The music ________ so beautiful.Who ________ it?

—Oh, Lang Lang.

A. sounds; plays  B. sounds; play

C. sound; plays  D. sound; play

给力英语

让英语随处可学，随时可学。

48篇原创内容

公众号