The ticket cost me ten dollars.（此句中cost用作及物动词,意为“花费”,这是cost的常用法之一。）
The cost of living is much higher now than it was two years ago. （此句中cost用作名词,意为“价格,成本,费用”,这是它的常用法之二。）
① Has this project been costed? (cost用作及物动词,意为“估价,估计成本”。)
② I must get the book at all costs. (at all costs意为“无论如何,不惜任何代价”。)
③ She saved him from drowning, but at the cost of her own life. (at the cost of sth.意为“以牺牲某事物为代价”。)
Teachers should deal fairly with their pupils. （此句中deal用作不及物动词,常和with连用,意为“对待”,这是deal的常用法。）
①She spent a good deal of money on new clothes. (a good deal of意为“很多,大量”后接不可数名词。)
②We tried to make sure everyone got a fair deal. (a fair deal意为“公平的待遇”。)
③My bank deals in stocks and shares now. (deal in意为“经营”。)
④The teacher dealt out the test papers to the students. (deal out意为“分发”。)
interest在教材中的意思为“兴趣”和“使感兴趣”,分别作名词和动词用。
The money I borrowed from him was repaid with interest.
What he did was just to protect his own interests.
上面句子中的两个interest都作名词用。作“利息”讲时,为不可数名词;作“利益,好处”讲时,多用复数形式。
第一句可译为“我向他借的那笔钱是带息偿还的。”;第二句可译为“他所做的一切仅仅是为了保护他自己的利益。”
Can you drive a car? (drive用作动词,意思为“开车,驾驶”,是教材中的第一种用法。)
Let’s go for a drive in the country. (drive用作名词,意思为“驱车旅行”,是教材中的第二种用法。)
①The workers carried on a drive for greater efficiency last month. (drive用作名词,意思为“运动”。)
②There are three buses parked on the drive. (drive用作名词,意思为“车道”。)
③Poverty drove the little boy to steal. (drive用作动词,意思为“驱使”。)
④I’m sure that I’ve driven my opinion home.(drive sth. home意思为“把……讲透彻,使充分理解”。)
⑤Please drive the dog away. (drive sb./sth. away意思为“把……赶跑”。)
What club do you want to join?（此句中的join是及物动词,意为“加入,参加”,这是其最常见的用法。）
①The two rivers join at the bridge.(此句中的join是不及物动词,意为“会合,联合,相遇”。)
②The two pieces were stuck together so well that we could hardly see the join.(此句中的join是名词,意为“连接处,接缝”。)
dream在教材中有两种用法:用作动词时意思为“做梦,梦到”;用作名词时意思为“梦想,幻想”。
Her new dress is an absolute dream. (dream用作名词,意思为“美丽或美好的人或事物”。)
My aunt’s wedding ceremony went like a dream. (go like a dream是固定短语,意思为“非常顺利,完美”。)
I’ve known David for 20 years.
I hope we have taught our children to know right from wrong.
The old man has known both poverty and wealth.
know在教材中的意思为“知道,了解”,作动词用。在上面的三个句子中, know都作动词用,第一个know的意思为“认识”;第二个know的意思为“区分”;第三个know的意思为“亲身经历”。
If you don’t work hard, you may fail.（此句中fail意为“失败;不及格,没有通过考试”。）
① He never fails to write to his mother every week.
② She has been failing in health.
③ His friends failed him when he most needed them.
④ I had three passes and one fail.
⑤ I’ll be there at two o’clock without fail.
(without fail意为“肯定,一定,必定”。)
lead在教材中有两种用法:用作动词时意思为“引导,领导”; 用作名词意为“领先；领先地位；带头”
除了教材中的用法外,lead还有以下几种用法。如：
Which road leads to the mountain? (lead用作动词,意思为“通向,通往”。)
My grandmother is leading a quiet life in the countryside. (lead用作动词,意思为“过某种生活”。)
Not having a balanced diet can lead to health problems. (lead用作动词,意思为“导致”。)
Her brother took the lead in the high jump. (lead用作名词,意思为“领先地位”。)
In this new film, she is the lead. (lead用作名词,意思为“主角”。)
The leaves fall in autumn. （此句中fall用作动词,意为“落下,下降”,这是其常用法。）
①I had a fall and broke my arm. (fall用作名词,意为“跌落,掉下,降落”。)
②Our holiday plans fell through because of bad weather. (fall through 意为“落空,未能实现,成为泡影”。)
③My car is falling apart. (fall apart意为“破裂,破碎,散架”。)
④We fell about (laughing) when we heard the joke. (fall about意为“无法控制地大笑”。)
⑤Sam, please fall back on old friends in time of need. (fall back on意为“求助于,退到”。)
The sun is low in the sky. （此句中low用作形容词,意为“低的,矮的”,这是low的常用法。）
① She’s been feeling rather low since her illness. (low用作形容词,意为“消沉的”。)
② The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high. (low用作副词,意为“低价地,廉价地”。)
③ The gas is running low. (run low意为“几乎耗尽”。)
She is blind in the left eye. （此句中blind用作形容词,意为“瞎的,盲人的”,这是blind的常用法。）
① The blinds were drawn to protect the new furniture from the sun. (blind用作名词,意为“窗帘,遮光物”。)
② The soldier was blinded in the explosion. (blind用作动词,意为“使失明”。)
③ This is a blind letter. (blind letter意为“因地址写得不清而无法投寄的信件”。)
④ He turned a blind eye to her mistakes. (turn a blind eye to意为“对……熟视无睹”。)
⑤ He’s blind as a bat without his glasses. (blind as a bat意为“完全看不见东西的”。)
①I put a new roll of film in my camera. (film在此句中作名词,意思为“胶卷,胶片”。)
②It took them nearly a year to film this TV series. (film在此句中作动词,意思为“拍摄”。)
The pilot landed the plane safely in the heavy snow. （此句中的land用作及物动词,意为“使着陆”,这是land的常用法之一。）
The journey to the far side of the island is quicker by land than by sea. （此句中的land用作名词,意为“陆地,大地”,这是land的常用法之二。）
① Many farmers are leaving the land to work in industry. (the land意为“农村,农业”。)
② The car will land you there in twenty minutes.(land用作动词,意为“使到达,把……送到某地”。)
③ He’s really landed himself in it this time. (land sb. / oneself in sth. 意为“使某人陷入困境”。)
④ He wants to see how the land lies before taking any action.( how the land lies意为“事态,形势,概况”。)
She’s always causing trouble. （此句中cause用作及物动词,意为“使发生,引起”,这是cause的常用法。）
①Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. (cause用作可数名词,意为“原因,理由”。)
②People fought for the cause of freedom and peace. (cause用作名词,意为“事业,目标”。)
The theater is full, I’m afraid you’ll have to wait for the next show. （此句中full用作形容词,意为“满的,充满的”,这是full的常用法。）
① Jack hit him full in the face. (full用作副词,意为“直接地,精确地”。)
② Use your abilities to the full. (to the full 意为“充分地,彻底地”。)
③ He told me the story in full. (in full意为“全部地,全文地”。)
We must keep our hands clean. （此句中的clean用作形容词,意为“干净的,清洁的”,这是clean的常用法之一。）
She is cleaning the blackboard. （此句中的clean用作动词,意为“弄干净,清洁”,这是clean的常用法之二。）
① I clean forgot about it. (clean用作副词,意为“彻底地,完全地,全部地”。)
② The car needs a good clean. (clean用作名词,意为“清洁过程,清扫”。)
③ The government should come clean about its plans. (come clean意为“说出真相,全盘招供”。)
④ We clean the machine down at the end of each day. (clean sth down 意为“擦洗干净”。)
⑤ The waiter hurried to clean up the pieces of the broken plates. (clean up意为“清理掉,收拾干净”。)
hold在教材中的意思为“举行;召集;主持”,作动词用。
The plane holds about 200 passengers.
Who holds the world record for the high jump?
（上面两个句子中的hold还是动词的用法,但意思发生了变化,分别为“容纳”和“保持”。）
This is a room with good light. (light用作名词,意思为“光,光线”,是教材中的第一种用法。)
It is so light that I can carry it easily. (light用作形容词,意思为“轻的”,是教材中的第二种用法。)
light除了以上的常见用法外,还有下列几种用法。如：
①May I borrow your light? (light用作名词,意思为“火柴,打火机”。)
②Since you’re not well, you’d better do some light housework. (light用作形容词,意思为“轻松的,使人不疲劳的”。)
③My brother bought a bottle of light beer in the shop. (light用作形容词,意思为“低度酒的”。)
④Wait a moment. I’ll light a candle. (light用作动词,意思为“点燃”。)
home在教材中的第一个意思为“家”,作名词和副词用;第二个意思为“家庭的”,作形容词用。
A lot of new homes are being built in the center of the town.
The home team took the lead after 25 minutes.
在上面的三个句子中,第一个home作名词用,意思为“住宅,房子”;其余的两个作形容词用,意思分别为“主场的”和“国内的”。
mean在教材中的意思为“意思是，打算”,作动词用。这是我们大家都熟悉的意思。
①Mary has always been mean with money. (mean在此句中作形容词,意思为“吝啬的,小气的”。)
②Today the mean temperature is 10℃ in Shanghai. (mean在此句中作形容词,仅用于名词前,意思为“平均的”。)
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