④“辅音字母+-o”结尾的有生命的名词+es，无生命的名词+s
book→books city→cities leaf→leaves tomato→tomatoes class→classes
a/an+单数量词+of+可数名词复数/不可数名词：
a pair of glasses一副眼镜
大于1的基数词+复数量词+of+可数名词复数/不可数名词：
four bottles of water 四瓶水
Andy's and Steve's安迪的和史蒂夫的
the gate of the library图书馆的大门
a friend of Bill's 比尔的一位朋友
one...the other...“一个……，另一个……”
He has two sons. One is tall and the other is thin.
some...others...“一些……，另一些……”
Some like football,and others like basketball.
The sun is shining in the sky.
She is the tallest girl in her class.
The Kings are having dinner.
She likes to play the violin.
分钟（30分钟以内）+past+小时“····点过······分”
分钟（30分钟以上）+to+下一个小时“差……分·……点”
9:15 a quarter past nine =nine fifteen
9:45 a quarter to ten =nine forty-five
①a/an+基数词-year-old+名词（词组)
②a/an+名词(词组)+of+基数词+ years +old
He is an eighty-year-old man.
=He is a man of eighty years old.他80岁了。
in one's twenties在某人20多岁时
基数词+hundred/thousand/million+可数名词复数
表达不确切数目：hundreds/thousands/millions+of+可数名词复数
between 表示在两者之间或多者中的每两者之间；
祈使句+and/or+简单句“····那么/否则·····”
Make us laugh,and we will buy it.
both...and...“既……又…·；……和……都”
Both she and I are students.
neither...nor...“既不……也不……”
I have neither time nor money.
not only...but also...“不但······而且·····”
The weather is not only cold but also wet.
either...or...“或者……或者...…；要么……要么……”
Either you or he is right.
多个形容词的排列顺序：（限定词+）观点形容词+形状形容词+年龄、新旧形容词+颜色形容词+产地、来源形容词+材料形容词+用途形容词（+名词)
Our house is as big as yours.
Jimmy is five years older than Tina.
形容词/副词比较级+and+形容词/副词比较级“越来越……”
We are getting on better and better with one another.
the+形容词比较级，the+形容词比较级“越……，就越……”
The more friends you have, the happier you will be.
the+形容词/副词最高级+表示比较范围的短语/从句“是……中最……的”
I like spring (the) best of the four seasons.
one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+表示范围的短语/从句“是……中最......之一
One of the hardest languages in the world is English.
Mike stopped to talk with me.
English people often take umbrellas.
cannot but do...“只好做......，不得不做......”
We cannot but have a try.
can't help but do/can't help doing...“禁不住做......”
I can't help thinking of my friends.
Shall I tell John about it?
Will/Would you(please)+动词原形？“请你......好吗？”
Will you please pass me the salt?
To learn Chinese well is very difficult.
I can't afford to buy a car.
主语+谓语+it+形容词+（for sb.)to do...(不定式作宾语）
I think it hard to learn English well.
主语+及物动词+宾语+（to）do...（不定式作宾语补足语）
be+情感形容词+to do...（不定式作状语）
She was happy to hear the news.
to do.../in order to do.../...so as to do...(不定式作状语)
To find out more about courses, write to this address.
Watching TV too much is bad for eyes.
Would you mind my singing here?
现在进行时：主语+am/is/are+现在分词...
She is doing housework now.
公式48 过去进行时：主语+was/were+现在分词...
He was reading at seven last night.
公式49 现在完成时：主语+have/has+过去分词...
I have lived in Shanghai for years.
公式50 过去完成时：主语+had+过去分词...
I had finished the job by the end of last week.
12. 被动语态
公式51 一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am/i/are+过去分词(+by…)
公式52 一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was/were+过去分词(+by...)
公式53 一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will/shall+be+过去分词(+by...)
公式54 过去将来时的被动语态：主语+would/should+be+过去分词(+by...)
公式55 现在进行时的被动语态：主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词(+by...)
公式56 过去进行时的被动语态：主语+was/were+being+过去分词(+by...)
公式57 现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have/has+been+过去分词(+by...)
公式58 过去完成时的被动语态：主语+had+been+过去分词(+by...)
③（陈述部分）祈使式，（附加问句)will you/won't you?
④（陈述部分）...no/never/hardly....（附加问句）肯定式？
⑤（陈述部分)Let's...，（附加问句）shall we?
⑥(陈述部分)Let us...，(附加问句)will you?
⑦(陈述部分)I/We don't think等+宾语从句，(附加问句)与从句一致？
She was employed by the company,wasn't she?
You didn't attend the conference,did you?
Be careful!Put me down！小心点儿！把我放下来！
Never stop trying.永不停止尝试。
③Let's/Let us+动词原形+其他...:
Let's go to the park.让我们去公园吧。
公式61 感叹句：
①What(+a/an)+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)！
②How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语)！
③How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)！
④How+主语+谓语！
14. 宾语从句
公式62
I don't think (that) there will be time to do it.
I don't know whether/if it is going to rain.
I'm interested in whether he likes English.
主句+连接代词who/what/which/whose等+宾语从句
主句+连接副词when/where/how/why等+宾语从句
15. 状语从句
公式67 主句+when/while/as+时间状语从句“当......时......”
公式68 not...until+时间状语从句“直到......才......”（主将从现）
公式69 主句+before/after+时间状语从句“在......之前/之后......”
公式70主句+if/unless/as long as+条件状语从句“如果，除非，只要......”（主将从现）
公式71 主句+because/since/as+原因状语从句“因为/既然......”
公式 72 主句+让步状语从句“尽管/即使......”
公式 73 主句+that+结果状语从句“如此......以至于......”
公式74 主句+ so that/in order that+目的状语从句“......以便/为了......”
公式 75主句+where/wherever+地点状语从句
16. 定语从句
公式76 先行词（一般指人）+who（作主语、宾语）/whom（作宾语）+定语从句
公式77 先行词（一般指物）+which/that+定语从句
公式78 先行词（不定代词）/人/物被the very,the only/序数词/最高级等修饰+that+定语从句
公式 79 先行词+whose（作定语）+定语从句
公式 80 先行词+when（时间）/where（地点）/why（原因）+定语从句
①class/family/group等+单数谓语（侧重整体）
②class/family/group等+复数谓语（侧重整体中的个体）
Our group is made up of four.
(either)A or B/neither A nor B/not(only)A but(also)B+谓语动词(单复数与主语B一致）
Neither you nor I am in charge of the factory.
Only 30% of the work was done.
Part of the teachers are from America.
A +with/along with/as well as等短语+B+谓语动词（单复数与A一致）
He as well as I wants to go boating.
我和他想去划船。
