Unit4.Why don’t you talk to your parents?

一、重点短语

1. have free time有空闲时间               2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛               4. after-school classes课外活动课

5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架       6. until midnight直到半夜

7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈                8. too many太多

9. study too much学得过多             10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠

11. write sb. a letter给某人写信          12. call sb. up打电话给某人

13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶            14. look through翻看

15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气       16. a big deal重要的事

17. work out成功地发展;解决          18. get on with和睦相处；关系良:

19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架           20. hang over笼罩

21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事        22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事   

23. so that以便                      24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事

25. all the time一直                   26. in future今后

27. make sb. angry使某人生气         28. worry about sth. 担心某事

29. copy one’ s homework抄袭某人的作业  30. be oneself做自己

31. family members 家庭成员            32. spend time alone独自消磨时光

33. give sb. pressure给某人施压         34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架

35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争        36. free time activities业余活动

37. get better grades取得更好的成绩     38. give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点

39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧      40. practice sports体育训练

41. cause stress造成压力              42. cut out删除

一. 重要词汇和句型

1. get  ( 1 ) 买 get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth.  为某人买某物

 Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?

 == Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?

( 2 ) 得到, 到达

Where  did  you  get  the  book ?

 When  did  you  get  the  letter  ? He  got  home late  last  night .

(3) 使, 让 get + 宾语 + 宾补    使某人\ 某物 怎么样

 Please get you coat clean .        

Get your mouth closed .

 get sb. to do sth.  使某人\ 某物做某事

I got him to call Jim yesterday .

(4) ( 逐渐) 变得…

The weather gets warmer and days get longer .

 Why did the teacher get angry ?

2.  how about \  what about  后跟名词\ 代词\ 动词ing形式。

( 1) 向对方提出建议或请求

 How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ?

 (2) 向对方征求意见或看法

 How about the TV play ?    How about buying the house now ?

( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况

 How about the weather in Hainan Island ?

 How about your parents ?  Are they living with you ?

( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文

 I’m forty years old .  How about you ?

 I’m from Beijing .  How about you ?

3. receive 收到   The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .

 receive a letter from == get a letter from ==  heard from收到某人的信

   I  received a letter from my parents last Sunday .

  ==  I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .==  I heard from my parents last Sunday .

  accept  接受  

 He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts .

 She was very glad to receive the invitation .

 

 He didn’t receive a good education at university .

 I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .   

4.  a  6--year – old  child 一个六岁的孩子

6--year – old 是由 “数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词, 作前置定语,

  修饰后面的名词child .

数词+名词+形容词  构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：

a  five-year-old  girl   一个五岁的女孩  

a  two-meter-long  ruler 一把两米长的尺子

a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房

a two-inch-thick dictionary一本两英寸厚的词典

5. too …  to… 太……  而不能 ……

too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式. 句子的主语与

动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for  sb.

He is too young to join the army ( 军队) . 他年纪太小，不能去参军。

 The math problem is too difficult for me to work  out . 这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。

 too …  to… 可以与  enough  to 和  so… that … 转换.

 与enough  to转换 时, enough 前的形容词, 副词必须是too 后面形容词,

副词的反义词,  并使用其否定句式.

She is too young to do the work .==  she isn’t old enough to do the work .

与  so… that … 转换时, that 后面的从句要用否定形式.

Tom is too tired to walk any farther .== Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .

6.  cost  1)  动词 ,  花费 \ 价值 (多少钱 )How much did it cost ? 这花了多少钱？  

I didn’t buy it because it cost too much . 我没有买，因为它太贵了。

The meal cost us about 100 yuan . 这顿饭花费了我大约100块3.

7.  pay ,   spend ,   cost ,   take  的区别

 pay   花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人.   Sb. pay some money for sth.

I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . 我上个星期花了5000买电脑。

Spend   花费 ( 多少钱或时间 ),主语是人. Sb. spend some money  on  sth.

                                Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing  sth.

 I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .

 She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . 她花了2个小时做作业。

 cost  花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物.    Sth. cost sb. some money .

This jacket cost him 200 dollars . 这件夹克衫花费她200美元。

 take 花费 (时间 ),主语为It  It takes sb. some time to do sth .

花费某人多少时间做某事

How  long  does  it  take  sb.  to  do  sth ?

 花费某人多少时间做某事?

It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework . 刘红花了2个小时做作业。

 8.   sleep ,  sleeping,  sleepy ,   asleep ,  fall  asleep ,   be  asleep

 sleep  动词,  睡觉, 强调动作.

 I am very tired . I want to sleep . 我很累，想睡觉。

sleeping ,   Sleep 的现在分词, 表示 “ 正在睡觉”

Don’t make so much noise . The baby is sleeping . 不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。

 sleepy  想睡觉的, 困倦的.

 I am a little sleepy. I’d like to go to bed . 我有点困了，我想去床上睡觉了。

 asleep  睡着了的.  

The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school .

老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。

fall  asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,  不能接一段时间

 I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night .  我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。

 be  asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间 .

He was asleep for three hours . 他睡了3个小时。

9.  choose  动词, “ 选择,挑选 ” , 过去式chose, 过去分词chosen

choose to do sth. 选择做某事

We choose Mike as our leader ( 领导 ). 我们选择迈克作为我们的领导。

Will you help me choose a dictionary ? 你会帮我选一本字典吗？

10.  open  ( 1 ) 动词,  打开 , 开业,  开张,  展现

Would you mind opening the window ? 你介意我把窗户打开吗？

 ( 2 ) 形容词,   be  open 开着的, 开放的

On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public . 在周末，这个游泳池是对公众开放的。

 close  动词,  关闭, 关上 , 合上

closed  形容词,  be  closed  关着的,  关闭的

11.  rather  than  而不是 …… 后面跟名词, 代词, 从句

The color seems green rather than blue . 这种颜色看上去像绿色而不是蓝色。

We depend on you rather than on him . 我们依赖的是你父亲而不是他。

prefer to do sth rather than do  sth . 宁愿…… ,  也不 ……

She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us . 她宁愿待在家里也不愿和我们一起去。

12.  instead  (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而,  相反”

I didn’t go to the cinema last night，instead, I watched a football match on TV.

我昨天晚上没有去看电影，反而是在家里看了场足球赛。

( 2 ) 位于句尾,  表示 “ 作为代替,  而是”

I don’t like this one , please give me that instead . 我不喜欢这件，给我那件吧。

instead  of  后跟名词, 代词, 动名词, 介词短语.表示 “ 代替,  而不是”

We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 电梯 ) .

我们不是坐电梯下来，而是走楼梯。

13.  encourage  动词,  鼓励, 激励  encourage sb. to do  sth.鼓励某人做某事

Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves .

家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情，

14.  progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展”   make progress “取得进步, 取得进展”

Tom is now making great progress at school . 汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。

15. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣

否定表达是  take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事不感兴趣

Do you take an interest in English ? 你对英语感兴趣吗？

Most children take an interest in playing computer games . 大多数孩子对电脑游戏很感兴趣。

21.  make friends with sb.  和某人交朋友

 Would you like to make friends with us ? 你想和我们交朋友吗？

 

Unit5 . What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

一、重点短语

1. make sure 确信;确认     2. beat against... 拍打…    3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着             

4. die down 逐渐变弱；    逐渐消失5. wake up 醒来       6. in a mess 一团糟

7. break.. . apart 使……分离         8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候

9. at the time of 当.......时候         10. go off (闹钟)发出响声

11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡      12. miss the bus 错过公交车

13. pick up 接电话                14. bring... together 使……靠拢

15. in the area 在这个地区          16. miss the event 错过这个事件

17. by the side of the road 在路边    18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线

19. walk by 走路经过              20. make one’s way to. •. 在某人去……的路上

21. hear the news 听到这个消息     22., important events in history 历史上的重大事件

23., for example 例如              24., be killed 被杀害25., over 50 5 0多(岁）

26. a school pupil 一个小学生       27. on the radio 通过广播    

28., in silence 沉默;无声           29., more recently 最近地;新近        

30., the World Trade Center 世贸中心31., take down 拆除;摧毁

32., have meaning to 对……有意义  33., remember doing sth. 记得做过某事         

34., at first 首先;最初

一.重要短语和句型

1. arrive  at 到达(小地方)    arrive  in到达(大地方)    reach 到达    get  to  到达

 I arrived in Beijing last night . ===  I reached Beijing last night.==  I got to Beijing last night .

如果宾语是副词here, there, home, 要把at \ in \ to省略:

arrive  here \ there \ home                 get  here \ there \ home

2. in front of…  在 …… 的前面 (某一范围外的前面) in the front of … 在 …… 的前面(某一范围内的前面)

There are some big trees in front of the classroom building . 在教室的前面有一些大树。

I like sitting in the front of the taxi . 我喜欢坐在出租车的前排位置。

3. take off      (1)起飞  When did the plane take off yesterday ? 飞机什么时候起飞？

  (2) 脱下(衣帽等)  He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room . 他一进房间就脱掉了外套。    (3) 取消 They will take off the 5 am train . 他们取消了早上5点的火车。

4. get out  (of ) …   从……离开\出去\下来

   A car stopped and a girl got out of it .

但从汽车\火车\船\飞机\马匹上下来, 用get  off … .

5．follow (1) 跟随  I followed him up  he hill .  我跟着他上了山.

 (2) 沿着……前进 Follow this road until you get to the post office .顺着这条路一直到邮局.

 (3) 听懂,理解 Could you speak more slowly ? I can’t follow you . 你能说慢点吗？我听不懂。

 (4 )follow sb. to do sth.跟着某人做某事Please follow me to read the story .请跟我读这个故事。

6. amazing  形容词,修饰名词令人惊奇的, 令人惊讶的  What an amazing book ! 真是令人惊讶的书本。

  amaze动词使某人惊讶  Your letter amazed me .你吓到我了。

  be amazed at … 对…… 感到惊讶 Everyone was amazed at the bad news . 每个人对这个坏消息都感到惊讶。

7. shout at  大声喊叫多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊

Don’t shout at the little boy . He is too young . 不要对他大叫，他还太小。

  shout to  大声喊叫   多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊

We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us .我们应该朝他叫喊，否则他听不到我们的声音。

8. happen 发生  具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生  

(1 ) happen to do sth.   碰巧做某事

I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday . 昨天我在公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。

 (2 ) sth happens to sb. 某人发生了某事

An car accident happened to him last month .上个月他发生了交通事故.

take place发生  (1) 按计划进行或按计划发生

Great changes have taken place in China in recent years .最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.

 (2 )  (运动\ 活动\会议等) 举行

The meeting will take place next Friday .  运动会将于下星期五举行。

take the place of 代替, 取代

 Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal . 塑料有时能代替木材和金属.

 take one’s place  坐某人的位置, 代替某人的职务.

 Come to take my place . my seat is near the window . 来做我的位置，我的座位靠近窗户。

9. anywhere 任何地方   常用于否定句或疑问句中.

Did you go anywhere last night ? 你昨天还去了别的地方了吗？   

somewhere  某个地方   用于肯定句

Some and see me .  Then we’ll go out somewhere . 来我家找我，然后我们出去逛逛。

everywhere   处处, 到处 ===  here and there

I can’t find my pen though I looked for it everywhere.尽管我到处都找过了，还是找不到我的钢笔。

10.  silence 名词,  寂静 \ 无声   

There’s nothing but silence in the room . 屋内寂静无声 .

Keep in silence .  保持沉默.

silent  形容词,  沉默的, 寂静的

The old house was quite silent .  这所老房子寂静无声.

The cat moved on silent feet . 那只猫无声地走动着.

11．hear  听到    Can you hear someone knocking at the door ? 你听到有人敲门了吗？

(1)  hear of  听说 , 后接表示人或物的词

I have never heard of him before . 我以前从来没有听说过他.

( 2 ) hear about 听说, 后接表示事件的名词

I’ve just heard about his illness .我刚刚听说他生病的事.

Have you heard about the accident ? 你听说了那场事故吗?

(3 )  hear from  收到某人的来信

I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday .我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信.

12.  主语 + be + one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 +  in \ of 短语 .

      …… 是……中最……的……之一.

This was one of the most important events in modern American history .

这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一.

Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China . 厦门是中国最漂亮的城市之一。

13. experience  (1)名词经验,  不可数名词 ;  经历, 体验,  可数名词

Have you had any experience of fishing ?  你有钓鱼的经验吗?

Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa ?你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?

 (2) 动词    经历, 感觉

The children experienced many difficulties this time .这次孩子们经历了许多 困难.

experienced 形容词   有经验的

be experienced in \at doing  sth. ==  have much experience in \ at doing sth.  做某事很有经验.

She is an experienced teacher .他是一个经验丰富的教师.

He is very experienced in \at  repairing  cars . 他修车很有经验.

14. as … as …   和…… 一样… .   两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形.

He works as carefully as she .  他和她一样工作认真.

She is as tall as her mother .  她和母亲一样高.

not  as …  as….  不如某人…

He isn’t as \ so old as he looks . 他不像看起来那么老.

She doesn’t run as \ so fast as her brother .她不如她哥哥跑得那么快.

15. have fun == have a good\ great\ wonderful  time ==enjoy  oneself玩得开心,过得愉快

     Did you have fun at the party ?  昨天在派对上玩的开心吗？

     == Did you have a good\ great \ wonderful time ？ == Did you enjoy yourself ?

 have fun doing sth.开心做某事  I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正开心的弹吉他呢。

16． accident 事故, 意外遭遇  

He was killed in an accident .他死于一起意外事故.

     traffic accident 交通事故  

Many people die in traffic accidents every year . 每年有很多人死于交通事故。

     by accident  偶然, 意外地  

We met at the airport by accident . 我们偶然在机场遇见。

17． scared  恐惧的,  害怕的

afraid恐惧的,  害怕的  I’m  very  scared \ afraid . 我很害怕.

be scared \ afraid  of  sth 害怕某物  

 Are you scared \ afraid of snakes ? 你害怕蛇吗？

be scared \ afraid to do sth害怕做某事   

He is scared \ afraid to go out at night . 他害怕晚上出去。

 be scared \ afraid of doing sth害怕做某事

He is scared \ afraid of going out at night .

18. think about  考虑 (某个计划 )  

They are thinking about moving to Beijing . 他们考虑搬去北京。

think of   认为   What do you think of the movie ?

           ===  how do you like the movie ?你认为这部电影怎么样?

 think over  仔细思考  

We need a few days to think over this matter . 我们需要几天时间来考虑这个事情。

二.  感叹句.

 1. what 引导的感叹句

(1)  What a beautiful girl (she  is ) !        多么美的姑娘呀 !

(2)  What a clever boy ( he  is ) !        多么聪明的男孩呀 !

(3)  What interesting pictures ( they are ) !     多么美的图片呀 !

(4)  What tall buildings ( they are ) !     多么高的楼呀 !

(5)  What delicious food ( it  is )  !       多么可口的食物呀 !

(6)  What bad weather ( it is ) !        多么坏的天气呀 !

规律:  what  + ( a\ an ) + 形容词 + 名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语) + !

 名词为不可数名词或复数名词时,  形容词前面不能有a\ an .

2. how 引导的感叹句

(7)  How heavy the box is  !    多么重的箱子呀!

How fast he runs !         他跑得多快呀!

(8)  How careful the girl is !      多么细心的姑娘呀!

  How well she plays the  piano !  她的钢琴弹得多好呀!

  如果说明的是人或物, 两种感叹句可替换. (  以上(1) 到(8) 句  )

三.过去进行时:

 1．过去进行时的用法：

（1）过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

 What were you doing at 8:30 this morning ? 今天早上8点半你正在做什么？

When I called him , he was having dinner .当我打电话给他时，他正在吃饭。

(2) 过去某段时间正在进行的动作。

What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday ? 你昨天7点到9点在做什么？

I was reading the whole morning yesterday . 我昨天一整个早上都在看书。

(3) when \ while 引导的时间状语从句中，过去进行时的使用：

 ----- when \ while 当……的时候

While引导的从句中, 动词用过去进行时或表示状态的延续性动词，主句用动词过去式

when引导的从句中, 动词用过去式，主句用过去进行时

Mary was having dinner when I saw  her .

While we were swimming , someone stole our clothes .

The weather was fine while we were in Beijing .

While were talking , the teacher came into the classroom .

--------while   然而, 可是

 He likes reading while I like dancing . 他喜欢看书而我喜欢跳舞.

 Tom is very confident while Mary is shy and quiet .

Tom很自信可是Mary既腼腆又文静.

2．过去进行时的构成：

（1）肯定句：主语 + was \ were  +动词ing形式 + 时间状语。

（2）否定句：主语 + was \ were +  not  + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语。

(3) 疑问句：was \ were + 主语 + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语 ？

 肯定回答：Yes , 主语 + was \ were .        否定回答：No, 主语 + was \ were +  not .

 

 

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