英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。
如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，这称之为部分倒装。
Does he go to school by bike?
注意：若疑问词在句中作主语或主语的定语时，不倒装。
Who is your English teacher?
Whose father is a worker?
在There+助动词/情态动词+be+主语+地点/时间的句型中，主语在谓语be动词后面，因此这是倒装。
There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk.
There are thousands of people gathering on the square.
注意 ：引导词there 还可以接appear,exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等词。
There lived an old fisherman in the village.
There stand two white houses by the river.
There existed some doubt among the students.
“May I come in and take a rest?” asked the poor girl.
“Get out of the room!” shouted the angry woman.
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：
Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
Should you require anything give me a ring.
Were it not for your help, I would still behomeless.
Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。
1） here, there, now,then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be,come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。
Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，以out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头，谓语动词是表示“移动”的go, come, leave等句子里。
Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。
Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。
注意:在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序。
3）表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。
South of the lake lies a big supermarket.
20 miles east of our school lies a modernswimming pool.
4) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist….) 句型中。
如no, not,never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, at no time决不, by no means, on no account, inno case, many a time, under no circumstances, in no way, many a time, notuntil… 等。
He cares little about his clothes.
= Little does he care about his clothes.
I have never seen him before.
= Never have I seen him before.
= Never before have I seen him.
The mother didn't leave the room until thechild fell asleep.
= Not until the child fell asleep did themother leave the room.
(Not until引出的主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装。即：后倒前不倒。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。)
Churchill was not only a statesman, but apoet.
= Not only was Churchill a statesman, but apoet.
I shall by no means give up.
= By no means shall I give up. 我决不放弃。
Hardly had he started to leave when itbegan to rain.
Scarcely had he sat down when his mobilephone rang.
No sooner had he handed in his paper thanhe realized his mistakes.
Seldom is my son late for school.我儿子上学几乎不迟到。
In no case should you touch it.无论如何你都不能碰它。
如 Not only…butalso, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，前倒后不倒。例如：
Not only did he refuse the gift, he alsoseverely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。
Hardly had she gone out when a student cameto visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
No sooner had she gone out than a studentcame to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
表示另一主语“也…样”时，用“So +be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构；而表示另一主语“也不…样”时，用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。
If you won't go, neither will I. 你不去，我也不去。
She won’t go. Neither/Nor will I.
注意：如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with +主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构。
only+副词；或介词短语；或状语从句时，主句倒装。
Only then did I see life was not easy.只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。
Only in this way, can you learn Englishwell. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。（only+介词短语）
Only after being asked three times did hecome to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。
Only yesterday did he find out that hiswatch was missing.（only+副词）
Only when it began to rain did he finishhis job.（only+状语从句）
注：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill does he everstay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。
5. so… that，such…that引导的结果状语从句中，部分倒装。当so位于句首时，用”so +adj. + 主语+谓语”。
So frightened was he that he did not dareto move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。
So difficult was the exam that most of thestudents failed to pass it. 考试如此难，以至于大多数同学没能考过。
So stingy is she that none of us likes her.她太小气，没人喜欢她。
6. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是：So + be（have，助动词或情态动词）+主语
She has been to Tokyo. So have I.
He can send emails to his formerclassmates. So can she.
as / though引导的让步从句由于语法需要，可将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。
2）句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Shortest as/though she is, she is not therichest.(倒装后，最高级前不用冠词)
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后，单数名词前不用a)
Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。)
注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
当as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。
(1)形容词或副词+as+主语+连系动词be或实义动词。
Rich as he is, he never spends a cent onclothes.
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t thinkhe acted wisely.
(2)名词+as+主语+连系动词be (注意句首的名词不带冠词)。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Boy as he was, he was chosen king.
(3)实义动词+as+主语+助动词[如果没有助动词，则要加上一个do(does或did)]。
Try as he may, he never succeeds.
Change your mind as you will, you will gainno additional support.
8．一些表示频率的副词（如many a time, often等）位于句首时。
I have seen her taking a walk alone many atime.
Many a time have I seen her taking a walkalone.
She often came to my house in the past.
Often did she come to my house in the past.
