01

一般将来时

 

1.shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？

 

2.be going to +不定式，表示将来。

 

a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。

What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

 

b. 计划或安排要发生的事。

The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

 

c. 有迹象要发生的事。

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。

 

3.be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

 

4.be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

 

5.一般现在时表将来。

 

 

 

a. 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

—When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开？

—It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。

 

b. 以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

 

c. 在时间或条件句中。

When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。

I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。

 

d. 在动词hope，take care that，make sure that等的宾语从句中。

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。

 

6.用现在进行时表示将来。

 

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。

I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗？

 

【易混辨析】

 

be going to

用于条件句时，be going to表将来

If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible.

will

用于条件句时，will表意愿

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 如果你脱掉衣服，我们将在镜子前为你穿上新的衣服。

 

be to

表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)

be going to

表示主观的打算或计划

I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)

 

—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.

—All right. I ____________ him later.

A. will callB. have calledC. callD will be calling

【答案】A

【解析】句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。

【名师点睛】本题根据对话形式进行时态考查，句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。

 

02

过去将来时

 

1. 过去将来时的定义

过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。

 

He said he would come here next Friday. 他说他下周五来这儿。

I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时他会帮助我们。

 

2. 过去将来时的结构

 

（1） would + 动词原形

She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本学期赶上其他同学。

When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 当你请李雷帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝。

 

（2）was / were going to + 动词原形

He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。

He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要派我去火车站接她。

 

（3）was / were to + 动词原形。

The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑该在下个月竣工。

Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李雷很快就要到了。

 

（4）was / were about to + 动词原形。

We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时，天突然下起了大雨。

He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候，门铃响了。

 

（5）was / were +现在分词。

He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。

We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。

 

3. 过去将来时的用法

 

（1）过去将来时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。

He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与我们待在一起。

He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。

 

（2）过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。

If I were you, I would not do that. 如果我是你的话，我就不会那样做。

If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该如何做了。

 

【归纳拓展】

 

was / were going to + 动词原形，was / were to + 动词原形，was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。

The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。

We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。

 

Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he ____________ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.

A. has beenB. had beenC. was going to beD. was

【答案】C

【解析】句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间）；B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)；C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来）；D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would（will 的过去式，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是C。

【名师点睛】分析四个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的1879, would change的提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。