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2020年高考英语专项突破:名词性从句

作者:未知 时间:2020-04-24 阅读:( )

2020年高考英语精选考点专项突破:名词性从句。

 

 

08 名词性从句

 

I.单项填空

1.【2019·江苏】25.Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.

A. what B. that C. which D. where

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。

 

2.【2018·北京】11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.

A. how      B. when      C. where      D. why

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。

 

3.【2018·北京】15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

A. how      B. which      C. that      D. what

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难,抱最大的希望。“_________ my father has taught me”是表语从句,该空在从句中做teach的宾语,且表示“父亲教我的道理”,故该从句应用what引导。D选项正确。引导名词性从句时,how表方式,意为“如何”;which意为“哪一个”,that在只起引导从句的作用,不做成分。

 

4.【2018·天津】9. The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.

A. whomever   B. wherever   C. whoever   D. whatever

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。

 

5.【2018·江苏】21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.

A. where   B. when   C. why   D. how

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句。分析句意可知,这里用连接副词how引导表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”。故选D。

 

6.【2017·北京】23. Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.

A. whatever      B. whoever      C. whomever     D. whichever

【答案】B

【解析】A. whatever 任何事  B. whoever  任何人  C. whomever 任何人  D. whichever无论哪个。句意:每年,任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句,缺少主语,用连接代词,根据意思可知是人获奖,故排除AD,因为需要做主语,只能用主格代词who,故选B。

 

7.【2017·北京】26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.

A. why      B. where      C. how      D. when

【答案】B

【解析】试题分析:A. why 为什么 B. where 在哪 C. how  如何 D. when什么时候。句意:Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上,不知道她将去往何方,根据语境可知此处是表地点的,很容易就可选出答案B。

 

8.【2017·江苏】26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.

A. that          B. which         C. what        D. how

【答案】C

【解析】8考查宾语从句。“half of _______ it used to charge”是$20的同位语,即原来价格的一半是现在的$20;另外,of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语,所以,这里是宾语从句;宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语,所以用what来引导宾语从句,并充当宾语从句中的宾语,故选C。句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元,这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。

 

9.【2017·天津】4. She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.

A. when     B. where    C. whether   D. what

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候;B.在哪里;C是否;D.什么。根据句意,故选C。

 

10.【2016·北京】24. Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.

A. However      B. Whoever     C. Whatever     D. Wherever

【答案】C

【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语,“________ you can do”是主语部分,即主语从句,在主语从句中,do后缺少宾语,表示“任何事情”,因此用whatever引导,故选C。

 

11.【2016·北京】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.

A. what    B. that    C. whether   D. why

【答案】B

【解析】题目考查表语从句。句意:雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语,即表语从句,表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语,因此用that,that只起引导作用,故选B。

 

12.【2016·江苏】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.

A. why B. what C. as D. that

【答案】D

【解析】考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是连接词that做引导的主语从句,连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分,只是一个引导词而已,不能省略。连接副词why要在句中做状语,连接代词what通常在句中做主语、宾语或表语等;as通常不引导名词性从句。句意:对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。

 

13.【2016·天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.

  A. whether       B. that          C. which       D. what

【答案】B

【解析】句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容,而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导,that不作成分,只是起着连接的作用。故选B。

 

14.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.

A. what B. that C. where D. who

【答案】C

【解析】根据分析可知:You have to know…后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词,连接代词有:who, whom, whose, which, what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语,连接副词有:when, where, why, how,在句中担任状语的成分。You’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.是一个完整的句子,所以应该用连接副词来引导从句。句意:如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案,你必须知道你将要去哪里。故选C。

 

15.【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.

A. that     B. where      C. what     D. why

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分,因此用that起到连接作用,也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分,因此用that起到连接作用,也可以省略。故选A。

 

16.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.

A. what   B. whom   C. why   D. when

【答案】A

【解析】句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语,表语从句中的for后缺少宾语,用what引导,what与for连用,表示目的。故选A。

 

17.【2015·浙江】6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate            is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.

A. what    B. who     C. that    D. whoever

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,请确定查看水面下有什么?通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。此处的what指代的是树枝或石头,B选项和D选项用于指人,that 只有语法意义。句式上,该句用了(If 从句,祈使句)的句式,非谓语to investigate 后接一个宾语从句的表达。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现,空格所做的成分是主语。根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头,可以得出答案是what。

 

18.【2015·重庆】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.

A. when    B. how     C. where    D. why

【答案】A                

【解析】句意:我们必须弄明白什么时候来,因此我们能给他预定房间。Find out 后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意选when。 

         

19.【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us        we should do something to stop air pollution.

A. where       B. why          C. what         D. which

【答案】B

【解析】考查宾语从句。本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语,故选项C错误,选项D担当定语,也错误。根据意思:这个展览告诉了我们,我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染,故选择B。

 

20.【2015·陕西】19. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for         Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

A. what    B. that    C. why    D. how

【答案】A

【解析】句意:读完了她的自传后,我对Dor宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。确定这是什么从句,再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义,来选择正确的引导词。通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接。is Lessing在文学上做出的贡献非常敬佩。介词for后面是宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,所以选A。

 

21.【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.

—By working out every day.

A. where B. how C. why D. If

【答案】B

【解析】考查宾语从句。句中I是主语,wonder是谓语,how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词How是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的,所以是针对方式题提问的,故用how。根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。--通过每天锻炼。故选C。

 

22.【2015·江苏】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.

A. That     B. Why     C. Where     D. How

【答案】C

【解析】句意:李白是中国一位伟大的诗人,他的出生地是众所周知的,但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知,a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语,is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意,where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。

 

23.【2015·北京】35. _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.

A. Where  B.How  C.Why  D. When

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知,主语从句缺少方式状语,因此选择how。故选B。

 

II.语法填空

1.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.

【答案】that

【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence内容,故填that

 

2.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.

【答案】where

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。

 

3.(2015·全国Ⅱ,70)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly    thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 

【答案】how 

【解析】分析句子结构及语境可知,此处应用how引导宾语从句。

 

4.Success partially depends on ________ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.

【答案】whether 

【解析】根据句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句;根据句意可判断,设空处意为“是否”,其前有介词on,故填 whether。

 

5.I lost my cell phone yesterday. Can you tell me ________ I can buy one?

【答案】where 

【解析】where引导宾语从句,且在从句中作地点状语。

 

6.It never occurred to me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

【答案】that 

【解析】it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的从句,从句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,因此用that。

 

7.________ breaks the law will be punished.

【答案】Whoever 

【解析】句意:无论谁违法都将受到惩罚。主语从句中缺少主语,指人,并且表泛指,故用whoever。

 

8.She will give ________ needs help a warm support.

【答案】whoever 

【解析】句意:凡是需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。由句意可知,应填whoever,在宾语从句中充当主语。

 

9.I have no idea ________ the girl is doing in her room now.

【答案】what 

【解析】句意:我不知道那个女孩现在在房间里干什么。由句意可知,应填what,在同位语从句中作宾语,且意为“……的事情”。

 

10.________ is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions.

【答案】What 

【解析】分析句子成分可知,主语从句中缺少主语,且指事物,因此用what。

 

11.Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.

【答案】when 

【解析】句意:土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定,但很可能是1565年左右。分析句子结构可知,设空处为主语从句的引导词,从around 1565判断,这里指时间,故填when。

 

12.It shocked the world ________ the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had    been committed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change  and the   2015 Iran Nuclear Deal.

【答案】that 

【解析】句意:令世界震惊的是,美国退出了它所承诺的一些主要协议,包括2015年《巴黎气候变化协定》和2015年《伊朗核协议》。此处it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。

 

13.I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I'm not sure ________ to begin.

【答案】where 

【解析】句意:我现在需要帮助!我不得不修理洗手间里一个正在漏水的管子,但是我不确定从何处着手。此处表示是管子哪里漏水,表示地点,填where。

 

14.Forty grams of meat per day is ________ people should consume in order to stay fit.

【答案】what 

【解析】句意:为了保持健康,人们每天应该消耗40克肉。“________ people should consume”是表语从句,该从句中,consume缺少宾语,且表示“所……的东西”,故要用what引导该从句。

 

15.The famous player tried again and again after each failure. That's ________ he succeeded at last.

【答案】why 

【解析】句意:每次失败后,这位著名的球员一次又一次地尝试。那就是为什么他最终成功了(的原因)。be后面的是一个表语从句,用why引导从句,表示结果,故填why。

 

III.短文改错

1.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.

【答案】that →where  

【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语,根据句意判断此处表示地点。故把that改为where。

 

2.That the fat boy needs is much more practice.

【答案】That→What 

【解析】is前面的句子是一个主语从句,从句中缺少needs的宾语,且意为“……的事物(东西)”,因此应用what。

 

3.That we can arrive there on time depends on the weather.

【答案】That→Whether 

【解析】句意:我们是否能准时到达那里取决于天气。whether引导的主语从句可置于句首,本句中的主语从句缺乏表示“是否”的连接词,故将That改为Whether。

 

4.The reason why she doesn't like me is I make her angry.

【答案】is后加that 

【解析】is后是一个表语从句,从句中不缺少成分,并且句意完整,因此应用that。表语从句中that不能省略。“The reason why ... is that ...”是一固定句型,意为“……的原因是……”。

 

5.I have been worrying about if I have hurt Mary's feelings.

【答案】if→whether 

【解析】宾语从句位于介词之后,表“是否”时,只能用whether引导,不能用if。

 

6.That surprised us most was that Tom should have left without a word.

【答案】That→What 

【解析】引导主语从句并且在从句中作主语,且意为“……的事情”,应用What。

 

7.It's no longer a question now that man can land on the moon.

【答案】that→whether 

【解析】句意:现在,人类是否能登上月球已经不再是一个问题了。句中it作形式主语,真正的主语是whether引导的从句。

 

8.The real reason why I don't have a hobby is because I don't have time.

【答案】because →that 

【解析】句意:我没有爱好的真正的原因是我没时间。表语从句中不缺少成分,并且句意完整,因此应用that。The reason why ... is that ... “……的原因是……”。

 

9.The news they had won the game soon spread over the whole country.

【答案】news后加that 

【解析】句意:他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了全国。that引导同位语从句,解释前面的news 的内容,that不能省略。

 

10.The organizers promise who wins the first prize a chance to go abroad.

【答案】who →whoever 

【解析】句意:组织者承诺无论谁获得一等奖都会有出国的机会。在题干中,promise后面跟的是一个宾语从句,who指具体的“谁”,与题意不符;whoever是“无论谁”之意,相当于anyone who,可引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语,与题意相符。 

一. 阅读理解之障碍词汇

 

1.awesome adj. 令人敬畏的;可怕的

2.accuracy n. 精确,准确

3.acknowledge v. 承认;告知;表示谢意;对……打招呼

4.bare adj. 光秃秃的;裸露的;无遮蔽的 v. 露出;暴露

5.brake n. 闸 v. 刹车

6.compensate v. 补偿;赔偿;弥补

7.competence n. 能力;胜任;称职

8.contemporary adj.属于同一时期的;同一时代的

9.discrimination n. 歧视

10.distinguish v. 区别;辨别

11.favourable adj. 赞成的;有利的

12.greedy adj. 贪婪的

13.irrigate v. 灌溉

14.organic adj. 有机的;器官的

15.punctual adj. 准时的;守时的

16.routine n. 常规;惯例

17.schedule n. 日程安排;时刻表 vt. 安排;计划

18.thrill v. & n. 兴奋;激动

thriller n. 惊险小说

19.vague adj. 含糊的;模糊的

20.yawn vi. 打哈欠 n. 哈欠

 

二. 完形填空之熟词生义

 

1.tight adj. 手头拮据的;时间紧迫的(熟义:adj. 紧紧的)

We have a very tight budget recently.

I can't see you next week because the schedule is very tight.

2.touch v. 感动;触动(熟义:v. 接触;触摸)

What he said really touched my heart.

3.undertake v. 承诺;许诺;答应(熟义:v. 承担;从事)

I can't undertake that you will make a profit.

4.voice v. 说出(熟义:n. 声音)

Moreover,I will open more channels for you to voice your opinions and needs.

5.walk n. 行业(熟义:v. 行走;步行)

This society welcomes people from all walks of life.

6.wander v. 走神;(思想)开小差(熟义:v. 漫游;游荡;漫步)

Her thoughts wandered back to her childhood.

7.wear v. 表露;流露;面带(熟义:v. 穿;佩戴)

The girl always wears a happy smile.

8.weigh v. 权衡;斟酌(熟义:v. 称……的重量;重达)

However,this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.

9.will n. 遗嘱;意志力;意愿(熟义:v. 表将来或意愿)

Where there is a will,there is a way.

What did it say in the will?

10.work v. (方法、药等)起作用,奏效(熟义:v. 工作)

The medicine works more efficiently if you drink some hot water after taking it.

 

三. 语法填空之派生词汇

 

1.名词后缀-ity

(1)reality现实

(2)ability能力;才能

(3)equality 平等

(4)possibility 可能性

(5)responsibility责任;职责

 

2.名词后缀-ian

(1)magician魔术师

(2)electrician电工技师

(3)technician技师;技术人员

(4)musician音乐家

(5)physician内科医生

 

3.动词后缀-ify/-fy

(1)beautify美化

(2)simplify简化

(3)satisfy使满意

(4)terrify 使恐惧

(5)horrify使害怕

 

4.动词后缀-ze

(1)emphasize 强调

(2)realize 实现;意识到

(3)apologize 道歉

(4)memorize 记住

(5)specilize 专攻;专门从事

 

四. 书面表达之高级词汇

 

词性

普通用词

高级词汇

in fact事实上

as a matter of fact

a few days ago几天前

the other day

at once立刻;马上

in no time

instead of而不是

rather than

because of因为

on account of/due to/owing to

by chance碰巧

by accident

by coincidence

in a word总之

in conclusion

in summary

at the same time同时

in the meanwhile

连词

if如果

supposing/supposed/assuming (that)

though/although尽管

despite the fact that

 

    

 

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