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如何让书面表达“文采飞扬”

作者: 时间:2014-09-20 阅读:( )

摘要:书面表达作为书面形式的英语语言能力的输出,能客观地反映出学生的思维能力和语言表达能力,一直是历年高考的重点和难点。它能体现学生主动地对英语词汇进行创造性运用的能力和对英语语法的掌握运用情况,同时,它又要求学生对英语语篇具有组织编排能力。

关键词:书面表达  句子  语篇

书面表达旨在考查学生的英语表达能力,即运用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流的能力。现在的书面表达,实质上是一种控制性(controlled writing)或指导性写作(guided writing),它不得离开要求去自行立意、随意发挥;它类似于“翻译”,又比 “翻译”有较大的灵活性。它只是在指定范围内比较灵活的写作。它要求学生根据所给的情景和要求写出一篇文理通顺、语言准确、连贯流畅、地道得体的短文。所以学生只有掌握住一定的写作技巧,才能使写出的作文内容完整,语言准确、生动而富有变化,行文流畅,才能获取高分。那么如何才能写出一篇优秀的书面表达呢?方法有如下三种:

一.短话长说

近几年全国高考的书面表达所提供的信息越来越简单,呈现半开放的命题方式,这既是对新课程理念的响应,也是30多年探索的必然选择,这样给同学们提供了更大的发挥空间,但也提出了更高的要求。如果仅仅简单地翻译提纲所给信息,文章就显得单调无味,连字数都达不到要求,当然拿不到高分。这时我们就可以采用“长话短说”的方法。所谓 “短话长说”,就是要对所给信息进行合理,有效地补述和追述,通过适当添加成分,使你的书面表达更加连贯,饱满。

1.添加与所给信息有关的前因后果及条件,目的,时间,地点等内容,

例如:1)咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)见面取消

拓展:因为我有一个重要活动要参加。 (原因状语)

Tracy called,saying that she couldn't meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning. as she would have something important to attend .

2)我们希望你能接受我们的邀请。

拓展:如果你方便的话。(条件状语)

We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you.

3)我想找一位英国笔友。

拓展:以便提高我的英语水平.。(目的状语)

I want to have an English pen friend in order to improve my English.

2. 举例说明或适当添加细节。

例如:1)我们有许多共同爱好。

We have a lot of common interests, such as travelling, swimming, fishing.

2)我家住房宽敞。

拓展:位于市中心/位于一个漂亮的小区。

We have a large and clean house, which lies in the centre of the city/a beautiful area of the city.

3.加谚语(Proverb) 添加的谚语要与所给信息有关.

We should focus our mind on our studies. As the saying goes, “No pains, no gains.”

4.为了突现文章的真实交际功能,适当表达自己真实情感

如开头用:I’m glad/sorry to say…

结尾用:

I would greatly appreciate it if…

I’m sure you will… 

It was quite an experience for us both, which I'll never forget for the rest of my life. … etc.

二.锤炼句子

在书面表达中,能正确使用复杂句式,如,定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调和倒装结构等,是语言驾驭能力的很好的体现,也是评卷老师判定高考英语书面表达档次的重要依据。因此,力求句子长短交错,合理穿插,结构多变,可以使句子更加漂亮,以增加文章的亮度。

1、改变句子的开头方式

句子不要一味都用主语开头,接着是谓语、宾语,最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词作状语等。

试比较:

The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.

→Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.

2、在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句式。在一篇文章中,要灵活运用诸如强调句、主从复合句、分词短语、倒装句、省略句等。

The dog has saved my little sister bravely.    

→It is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely. (强调句)

We had to stand there to catch the offender.    

→What we had to do was to stand there,trying to catch the offender.

(主语从句、分词结构)

The driver escaped and didn’t stop,he left the old man lying on the road.    

→The driver escaped without stopping,leaving the old man lying on the road.

(介词短语、分词结构)

I went to bed at 11:30.    

→Not until 11:30 did I go to bed . (倒装句)

We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced.

→After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing. (介词短语、分词结构)

三.巧用连词

一篇好的书面表达,还应该行文连贯流畅,具有“逻辑美”。使用恰当连接词,能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑,使文章更为地道,更具“英语味”。 有了这些词的连接,文章就会变得语句通顺,层次分明,有声有色,而不再是支离破碎的一个一个的单句。常用连接词如下:

1.表示并列或递进: and, as well, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor;

2.表示选择: or, either…or;

3.表示转折: but, however, nevertheless, although, though, or else, otherwise, after all, by the way, incidentally;

4.表示因果: because, as, since, for, for this reason, so, as a result, thus, hence, therefore, accordingly;

5.表示条件: if so, unless, provided that, on condition that;

6.表示对比: while, whereas, instead, not…but, on the contrary, on the one hand…on the other hand;

7.表示解释: for example, for instance, such as, e.g., that is, that is to say, namely, viz, ie, in other words;

8.表示顺序:to begin with, for one thing, firstly, first (of all), second(ly), next, later, soon afterwards, since then, from then on, lastly, finally, in the end;

9.表示强调: also, besides, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, certainly, actually, in fact, as a matter of fact;

10.表示结论: to sum up, in all, altogether, in a word, in short, generally speaking, as is known to all.

有了好的方法,再加上教师的耐心辅导,学生必然能打下扎实的英语基础。总之,全面提高书面表达的水平,离不开平时的点滴积累和不断磨练,这样才能达到理想的效果。

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