连词的定义

（一）连词的概念：连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。   

直击考点

(1)并列连词和从属连词的基本含义  

(2)连词在宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句中的使用

 

【名师点睛】

一．并列连词的分类：   

表示意思转折的连词  but, yet, however 

表示因果关系的连词  for, so, therefore  

其他并列连词 and, or, either„or,  neither„nor  not only„but also, both„and, as well as 

例句：Slow but sure.  要慢而稳。      

She’ll be back either this week or next week.  她将在这周或下周回来。       

I went and she went also.  我去了，她也去了。    

并列连词的用法：

连词的分类：连词分为并列连接词和从属连接词两种。 

1、并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。常见的并列连接词有：and(和),but(但是),or(或者,否则),nor(也不), so(所以), however(然而,无论如何),for(因为),still(可是),as well as(也),both..and...(...和...), not only ...but also...(不但…而且…), either… or…(或…或…),neither… nor…(既不…也不…)等。

2、从属连接词用于引导从句,常见的从属连接词有：  when(当„时候), while(正当„时候), after(在„之后), before(在„之前), since(自从), until(直到), although/though(虽然), if(假如), as(如„一样；由于), as…as…(和„一样), as far as(就„而言), as long as(只要), as soon as(一„就„), even if(即使), because(因为), unless (除非), than(比„), whether (是否„), in order that…(为了), so…that…(如此„以致), so that…(以便), now that…(现在既然), by the time…(到„时候), every time…(每当), as if…(仿佛),no matter when(或whenever)(无论何时),no matter where(或wherever)(无论在哪里)等。

1、 并列连词and和or： 

①and 和or 是用得最多的并列连词，可以连接：

a. 两个并列的动词：  We were singing and dancing all evening.  整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞。 

b. 名词、形容词等： 

This apple is big and red.      

Would you like fish or beef?    

c. 两个并列的分句（句子）：      

I said it and I meant it.  我说话算数。 

②and 可连接两个分句，表示递进关系。            

Give him an inch and he will take a mile.  他会得寸进尺。 

③or可连接分句，表示“否则”： Don’t drive so fast or you’ll have an accident.  别开这么快，不然你会出车祸。

2、 表示意思转折的连词：but, yet:

①but和yet的用法：  

The weather will be sunny but cold.  天气会晴朗但很冷。  

It is strange, yet true. 这很奇怪，却是真的。 

②however, still 等为副词，但可起连接作用，表示意思的转折---“但是”或“然而”。

a. however:     His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind. 他的第一反应是不行，但后来他改变了主意。 b. still:    It’s raining; still I’d like to go.   天在下雨，但我还是要去。

③词组all the same: She is naughty, all the same we have to laugh at her jokes.   她很调皮，但对她的恶作剧我们还是要发笑。

3、表示因果的连词： 

① for可以表示“因为”，但引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，对前面情况加以解释，常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开，这在书面语中比较多见。    

The days were short, for it was now December.    白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月。    

She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast.  她肯定一早出去了，因为她没来吃早饭。  

② so 表示结果，可译为“因此”、“所以”。  Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi.  我们的箱子很重，因此我们坐了出租车 

③ therefore 为副词，也表示同样的意思---“因此”，可放句前：  He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me.他走了，于是她把钱给了我。        

4、both... and 的用法    

A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。 

【难点】 

就近原则：   

1）neither... nor...  

Neither Lucy nor Lily is a League member.          

2）not only...but also...

Not only you but also he likes football.           

3）either...or...          

Either Jim or Peter is right.         

4）not...but....         

Not Jim but Peter broke the cup.       

二、从属连词：

从属连词的用法

从属连词	用法及例句
that	用于引导宾语从句，引导从句时无意义，常省略。 He told me（that）he won’t be late. 他告诉我说他不会迟到的。
though/although (虽然，尽管)， even if/though (即使)	可用于引导让步状语从句，though/although 不能与but连用。 Though he has a cold,he still goes to school. =He has a cold,but he still goes to work. 尽管他感冒了，他仍然去上学了。
if, whether (...or not)(是否)	可用于引导宾语从句，不可省略。 I don’t know whether it will rain or not today. 我不知道今天会不会下雨。
if (如果)， unless (除非；如不)， as long as(只要)	引导条件状语从句。 Thought he is very old, he still teaches himself English. 尽管他年龄很大，他仍然自学英语。
because (因为)， as (鉴于；由于)，[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K] since(由于，既然)	用于引导原因状语从句。 I don’t want to go outside because I am too tired. 我不想外出因为我太累了。
so...that, such...that (如此……以至于……)	可用于引导结果状语从句。 The scenary here is so beautiful that I don’t want to leave. 这儿的风景太美了，以至于我不想离开了。
as if/as though (仿佛；好像)	It seems as if it is going to rain. 好像将要下雨了。
so that（以便）， in order that（为了） in case(以防)	I get up early so that I won’t be late for class. 我起得很早，这样我上课不会迟到。
as...as...(和……一样……)， not so/as...as... (和……不一样……)	用于引导比较状语从句。 He is as smart as his brother. 他和他的哥哥一样聪明。

 

1．分类：从句种类主要从属连词  

时间从句  when, while, as, before, after,  until, till, whenever  

条件从句  if, unless   

目的从句  in order that, so that    

结果从句  so… that, such… that  

原因从句  because, as, since 

让步从句  although, though, even  though(if),

while   方式从句  as if, as though 

地点从句  where, wherever 

比较从句  than, as 

[说明]that, whether, if 等从属连词可引导名词从句，在句中担任主语、宾语等。 

2．引导时间状语从句的连词(重点)： 

when: Don’t get excited when you talk.  讲话时别激动。

while: We must strike while the iron is hot.  我们要趁热打铁。

as: He smiled as he passed.  他经过时笑了笑。

before: It will be five years before we meet again.  要五年后咱们才能再相见。 after:      

I’ll tell them after you leave.  我将在你走后告诉他们。

until, till:   

I propose waiting till the police get here.  我建议等警察来了再说。

since:How long is it since you came to London?  你到伦敦有多久了？

whenever: Whenever it is possible, they play outside. 一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。 

3．引导条件状语从句的连词(重点)：

1）条件状语从句主要由if, unless, supposing(suppose)引导：  

if: If it rains tomorrow , we will have to stay at home.  

unless: I won’t write unless he writes first.  我不写信，除非他先给我写。

2）条件状语从句还有其他形式：

(难点) You will always have a home as long as I have anything.  只要我有家产，你就永远会有一个家。 

4．引导目的状语从句的连词：

（重点） in order that:   I lent him 500 yuan in order that he can go for a holiday.  我借给他50英镑，使他能去度假。[来源:学+科+网]

so that:  Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them. 让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。

5．引导结果状语从句的连词：

1）结果状语从句主要由so…that和such…that 引导：  

so…that:  He was so fat that he couldn’t get though the door.   他胖得连门都过不去了。  

such…that:  Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.   吉姆吵成那样，他姐姐让他安静点。  

He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.

6．引导原因状语从句的连词：  

because:  Because it rained he took a taxi.  由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。         

as: As you’re sorry, I’ll forgive you.  既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。 

Since:  Since you will go there, I will go too.

7 ．让步状语从句的连词：

although / though: Though / Although it is not large, the room was light .  房间虽然不大，采光却很好。    

even if:   They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。

8．引导方式状语从句的连词 

as: You ought to do as I tell you. 你应当照我说的做。

like: She can’t draw like her sister can. 她不能像她姐姐那样画画。

as if / as though:    He looked about as if looking for something. 他四处看了看，仿佛在找什么似的。 

9．引导地点状语从句的连词：（难点）  where: I’ll drive you where you’re going.  你到哪儿我都可以开车送你去。 

wherever:  We’ll go wherever you say.  你说哪里我们就到哪里。everywhere:  Everywhere he went, he was introduced as the current US champion.  不管他到哪里，人们都介绍他是当前的美国冠军。

no matter where:   Keep your mobile phone with you no matter where you are.  不管在哪里你都要带着手机。 

10．引导比较状语从句的连词： 

than:  You sing better than I do.  你的歌唱的比我好。

as:   That’s not so simple as it sounds.  那事并不像听起来那么简单。

11．引导其他从句的连词： 

1）引导主语从句和宾语的连词有that和whether, if 可以引导宾语从句：  that:  She always complains that he is down on her.  她老是抱怨他看不起她。   

whether:   I don’t know whether you like flowers.  我不知道你喜不喜欢花。

2）that和whether 还可以引导表语从句： 

that:  The fact is that he doesn’t really try.  事实是他没有真正去努力。

whether:  The point is whether we ought to recommend him.  问题是我们是否应当推荐他。