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“磨刀”不误“砍柴”工

作者:未知 时间:2017-01-09 阅读:( )

  【摘 要】英语课程标准指出,英语写作能力是小学阶段英语综合语言运用能力的一个重要组成部分。教师有效指导小学生写作面临课时紧、难度大的双重问题,此时翻转课堂理念应运而生。

  【关键词】翻转课堂理念 写作能力 提升

  让英语老师异常苦恼的问题是什么?课时紧,课上没有充足时间让学生完成书面作业;课下琐事缠身,来不及批改学生作业。学生非常头疼的事情则是,各科学业负担重,在学校来不及完成作业;课上听不懂,回家完成不了作业。

  基于前一年写作指导课的经验和教训,笔者发现,学生写作确实需要指导,指导加写作一般需要两节课时间;指导后批改和学生修改也需要两节多课;学生在校作文时没有充足的优秀习作欣赏时间和查阅书籍的时间,写出的文章质量不高等。借鉴翻转课堂的“四步法”,课前给学生布置任务并提供资源指导其完成,课上学生反馈、练习、提升,这就是笔者所说的翻转课堂理念。此举能有效缩短课时,提升教学效率,最终促进学生全面发展。以下是笔者本次写作指导课的尝试。

  一、 课前指导,化难为易

  本次学习的话题是“健康饮食”。这次,笔者一改以往的做法,选择让学生回家完成习作,并且在QQ群里通过语音和文字,对学生进行了写作指导。这个语音就像一节小小的微课,学生听了就会有写作的思路,避免一些偏题或者无话可说的现象。学生只需根据个人能力,在家完成一份自己的作文草稿,既省时又省力。

  二、 结合实践,提升能力

  第二天课前,我把同学们的作文草稿收上来,进行快速翻阅,以了解整体完成情况,收集主要问题,但是不需逐一亲自修改。到了英语课上,我分四步开展教学。第一步,反馈思考。我让学生回忆写作的几个注意点,熟悉星级评价法。怎样的文章是一星(normal),怎样的是二星(good),怎样的是三星(excellent)。第二步,进阶作业。我把准备好的相应等级的三篇文章(同学们昨天写的),让同学们运用星级评价法进行评析。大部分同学都能判断文章的优劣,并说出好处和缺陷。有位名人这样说:“点评和感悟犹如给了自己创作的灵感。”此时,学生已然开始重新整理自己的思路,并且对优秀文章有了清晰的概念,为开展提升练习做好了充分的铺垫。第三步,协作探究。我让学生修改完善自己的作文,并在小组(6人一组)内依次修改和分享,推选出最优作文,再集体对最优作文进行修改。第四步,展示质疑。学生朗读优秀作品,大家一起运用评价法和平时积累进行点评,教师只是从旁引导。所谓“该出场时才出场”,老师此时要退后一步,把舞台还给学生,学生经过再赏析和自由评点,各方面能力得到了充分提升。就连平时不善于写作的同学,也听得津津有味,点评得头头是道,学习英语的自信心得到了前所未有的增强。相信通过这样的创新型课堂,学生会更喜欢英语,热爱写作,享受学习生活。

  三、 成果分析,总结经验

  (一) “一星”到“二星”

  班级中几位英语基础非常差的同学,平时看到英语就头疼,写作更是让他们无从下手。其中一位同学,他通过在家学习微课,列出了作文草稿。尽管草稿中错误百出,但是大概思路对了。经过课堂修改和互评,他的作文上升了一个等级,思路也更清晰了。

  吴凡初稿:

  My healthy diet My diet is too much.

  I like eating noodles and dumplings. We usually have them at last time a week. I usually have breakfast at home. We like having steamed bread, eggs and drink milk in the morning. I have my lunch at school. I eat some meat, vegetables and some rice. My dinner eat some rice, meat and some vegetables.

  修改稿:

  My healthy diet

  A healthy diet is good for us.

  I like eating noodles and dumplings. I usually have breakfast at home. I like having bread,a few eggs and drinking milk in the morning. I have my lunch at school. I eat some meat,some vegetables and some rice at lunch. I like eating vegetables,meat and some apples.

  Do I have a healthy diet?

  (二) “二星”到“三星”

  还有一部分同学属于对自己要求比较低,或者思路打不开。这时候,在课上欣赏他人的习作,接受他人的点评,对他们来说显得尤为重要。一节课下来,很多同学的作文能上升到第二个档次:语句通顺,结构清晰,句式多变,错误少。

  陈思初稿:

  My diet

  I have a lot of noodles for breakfast. I sometimes have some steamed buns. For lunch and dinner, I eat some meat and vegetables. I usually have some soup. I eat a lot of rice.

  I like drinking milk. I drink a glass of milk every day.

  It’s my diet.

  修改稿:

  My healthy diet

  A healthy diet is very important. I’ll tell you my diet. Healthy food is good for our body,but bad food is not.

  I usually have a lot of noodles for breakfast. I sometimes have steamed buns and milk too. For lunch, I eat a lot of rice, some meat and some vegetables. I sometimes eat a fish and some porridge too. They give me energy for the afternoon.

  For dinner, I eat some noodles. After that, I eat some fruit every day. I liked eating sweet food before, but I don’t eat sweet food now, because sweet food is bad for our teeth.

  How do you think of my diet?

  (三) “三星”优秀习作

  当然,有一部分同学接受了老师布置的任务后,能够根据微课整理思路,查找想表达的词句,写出相当好的文章。孙婵同学的文章就在课上受到了其他同学的一致推荐,她运用的一些句型也给了其他同学很好的启发。相信充满鼓舞和激励的课堂,不仅对她,对整个班级都是极其有益的。

  My healthy diet

  A healthy diet is very important. Today,I will share with you my diet.

  I like bread and milk very much. I have them for breakfast. They give me energy and they are very healthy. This meal helps me start the day. I love hamburgers, but I do not eat them anymore. I eat rice with fish and vegetables. I often eat an apple with lunch. Apples are my favorite. They are good for me. This meal gives me energy for the afternoon. For dinner, I often have soup, meat and vegetables. I like vegetables best, because I need a lot of vitamins to stay healthy.

  I think my diet is very balanced and with nutrition. What do you think of it?

  记得有位哲学家说过,教育是根据社会发展和学生需求不断变化和调整的。作为一名教师,应该抓住主要矛盾,及时调整自己的教学,争取教学效益最大化。磨刀不误砍柴工,只有适时的引导,合理的教学设计,才能使教学效果更上一层楼。把翻转课堂理念运用于写作指导正是如此,我们应把课堂和时间还给学生,解放学生的天性,激发学生潜能。

  【参考文献】

  [1] 教育部.英语课程标准(2011版)[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2012.

  [2] 金陵.翻转课堂与微课程教学法[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2015.

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