Unit 1

　　1. lead to

　　lead to 通向;导致

　　lead... to (some place) 带领……去(某地)

　　lead... to do =cause... to do 致使……做

　　lead to sb. doing sth.= result in sb. doing sth.导致……做

　　例句：

　　① All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

　　② Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer deaths on the roads. 降低限速应该可以减少道路事故造成的死亡。

　　③ The waiter led us to our table. 服务员领我们到我们的餐桌。

　　④ What led you to believe this? 是什么让你相信这件事的?

　　2. intend v. 想要;计划

　　intend sb. / sth. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事

　　intend to do sth. / intend doing sth. 打算/想要做某事

　　be intended to do sth. 目的是，旨在

　　be intended for 为……准备

　　intentionn. 目的，意图

　　with the intention of 带着……目的

　　例句：

　　① 他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。

　　He intends to let his son take over his business.

　　② 这本字典是给小孩用的。

　　This dictionary is intended for children.

　　3. put pressure on

　　put pressure on sb. (to do sth.) 迫使，促使

　　pressuren. 压力; v. 迫使

　　under pressure 在压力下;被迫

　　pressure sb. into doing / pressure sb. to do 迫使某人做某事

　　例句：

　　① The US government has been putting pressure on Iran these days. 这些天美国政府一直在给伊朗施压。

　　② Some young people are pressured into staying at school. 一些年轻人被迫继续待在学校里上学。

　　4. wrestle

　　wrestlevi. & vt. 摔跤;努力对付或解决

　　wrestle with sb. 与某人摔跤，与某人扭打

　　wrestle with sth. 努力对付或解决(难题、困难等)

　　wrestle to do sth. 努力做某事

　　例句：

　　① Armed guards wrestled with the intruder. 武装警卫和闯入者扭打起来。

　　② She spent the whole afternoon wrestling with the problem. 她整个下午都在绞尽脑汁处理这个问题。

　　③ He has been wrestling to raise money all year. 他一年来一直在想方设法筹集资金。

　　5. dilemma

　　dilemma n.(进退两难的)窘境，困境

　　例句：

　　① I am in a dilemma whether to do maths or English. 我左右為难，不知是做数学还是英语。

　　② The doctors dilemma was whether he should tell the patient the truth. 医生为是否告诉病人真相左右为难。

　　6. beyond doubt

　　beyond doubt 毫无疑问= without doubt

　　beyondprep. 超出(……之外);非……所能及;在(或向)……的那一边

　　beyond repair 无法修复

　　beyond recognition 无法辨认

　　beyond words 无法用语言表达

　　beyond ones reach 某人够不着

　　beyond sb. 某人难以想象、理解或做

　　例句：

　　① He is without / beyond doubt the cleverest student Ive ever taught. 他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。

　　② The bicycle is beyond repair. 这辆自行车已不能修理了。

　　③ Its beyond me why she wants to marry Geoff. 我不能理解她为什么要和杰夫结婚。

　　④ Keep the medicine beyond childrens reach. 把药放在孩子够不到的地方。

　　7. either... or...

　　either... or...为并列连词，连接句子中两个并列的成分。当它连接主语时其谓语动词要与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即要注意就近原则。除either... or...外，就近原则还适用于neither... nor...， not... but...， not only... but also...， there be等。

　　例句：

　　① When the girl is happy， she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时，不是唱歌就是跳舞。

　　② Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去。

　　③ Neither you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长绘画。

　　8. conventional

　　conventional adj. 传统的，常规的，依照惯例的

　　convention n. 习俗，常规，惯例;大会，集会;公约，协定

　　例句：

　　① He is very conventional in his views. 他的观点很守旧。

　　② Cakes produced with conventional methods taste more delicious. 用传统方法制作的蛋糕更美味。

　　③ An annual convention was held in that company last Friday. 上周五公司召开了年会。

　　9. set... doing

　　set... doing 使……处于某种状态

　　be set in 以……为背景

　　set about doing / sth. 着手做某事

　　set aside 把放到一边;省出，留出

　　set back 耽搁;花费;拨回

　　set down 放下;写下;确定

　　set in 来临;发作

　　set off 动身;引爆;引起

　　set out 出发

　　set out to do sth. 着手做某事

　　set up 搭建;设立

　　例句：

　　① What he said set me thinking. 他的话使我陷入沉思。

　　② The novel was set in London in the 1840s. 这部小说是以19世纪的伦敦为背景的。

　　③ The snow this winter set back the building of our new house by two months. 今冬的一场雪使得我们新房子的修建推迟了两个月。

　　④ That year， in memory of the famous poet， people set up a monument near where he was born. 那年，为纪念那位著名的诗人，人们在他的家乡建立了一座纪念碑。

　　⑤ After a weeks discussion， theyve set down Friday as the day for the celebration.经过一周的讨论，他们确定星期五举行庆祝会。

　　10. put... into practice

　　put... into practice 实施，把……付诸实施

　　in practice 在实践中;实际上

　　out of practice 久不练习

　　common practice 惯例;经常的做法

　　practisev. 练习，操练

　　例句：

　　① She is determined to put her new ideas into practice. 她决定把她的新想法付诸实施。

　　② Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

　　③ We should spend as much time as we can practising speaking English if we want to improve. 如果我们要提高英语水平就要花尽可能多的时间练习。

　　11. on top of

　　on top of 在……上方;除……之外

　　at the top of 在……顶部

　　on top of the world 欣喜若狂

　　from top to bottom 从上到下，彻底地

　　from top to toe 从头到脚，完全地

　　12. push for

　　push aside 不考虑，不去想

　　push for 迫切要求;努力争取

　　push ahead with 坚定推行

　　push through 使通过，使得到批准

　　push back 推迟，延迟

　　push on 继续前進(或进行活动)

　　例句：

　　① The government is pushing the changes through before the election. 政府正努力推动，要在选举前促成这些变革。

　　② Product innovation is the inner force to push ahead with enterprises development. 产品创新是推动企业发展的内在动力。

　　③ The start was pushed back from 2 to 4 in the afternoon. 出发时间由下午2点改为4点。

　　④ We rested for a while then pushed on to the next camp. 我们休息了一会儿然后朝下一个营地前进。

　　Unit 2

　　1. look at 思考，研究; 查看，检查; 观察，看待(事物)

　　look on 旁观look up 查阅

　　look into調查look up to 尊敬

　　look down upon瞧不起look after 照看

　　look forward to 盼望;期待

　　look back on回顾look for寻找

　　look sb. in the eyes 直视某人

　　look through浏览

　　look out (for) 当心，小心

　　look around 环顾四周

　　例句：

　　① The implications of the new law will need to be looked at. 新法规可能造成的影响需要研究一下。

　　② The Americans look at life differently from the British. 美国人和英国人对生活持不同的看法。

　　③ She looks down upon people who dont study hard. 她瞧不起学习不努力的人。

　　④ We are really looking forward to seeing you again. 我们真的非常盼望能再见到你。

　　2. move

　　on the move 在行进中，在移动中; 繁忙的，活跃的; 快速发展

　　make a move 动身，开始行动

　　make the first move 抢先行动;抢占先机

　　例句：

　　① Well be on the move next week， so we wont be able to help you. 我们下周搬家，所以帮不了你了。

　　② Hes always on the move and never has time to rest. 他一直在忙，都没有时间休息。

　　③ Its an industry on the move. 这是一个迅速发展的行业。

　　3. head vi.

　　headvi. 朝……行进(与for， towards， across连用);负责， 主管; 在顶端;位于队伍之首，带领

　　例句：

　　① The ship was heading for Shanghai. 船正开往上海。

　　② Its about time we were heading home.我们该动身回家了。

　　③ She has been appointed to head the research team. 她受命领导研究小组。

　　4. make up 编造; 编写;给……化妆;补足，补回; 组成，构成

　　注意下面例句中make up的含义

　　① He made up some excuse about the dog eating his homework. 编造

　　② They made up a little poem and wrote it on the card. 编写

　　③ They made my face up to look like a clown. 给……化妆

　　④ Sorry， Im late; Ill make up the time this evening. 补足，补回

　　⑤ Women make up 40 per cent of the workforce. 组成，构成

　　⑥ This book is made up of twelve separate short stories. 由……组成

　　5. tough

　　① 艰难的;棘手的

　　Shes been having a tough time of it (= a lot of problems) lately. 她最近的日子一直很难熬。

　　He faces the toughest test of his leadership so far. 他面临迄今为止对自己的领导工作最严峻的考验。

　　② 严格的;坚定的～ (on / with sb. / sth.)

　　Its about time teachers started to get tough with bullies. 现在教师该对横行霸道的学生开始采取严厉措施了。

　　The school takes a tough line on (= punishes severely) cheating. 学校对作弊行为的惩罚很严厉。

　　③ 强壮的，有主见的

　　Hes not tough enough for a career in sales. 他干推销这一行缺少足够的韧劲。

　　Shes a tough cookie / customer. 她是个有主见的人。

　　④(人)剽悍的;粗暴的;粗野的

　　He plays the tough guy in the movie. 他在电影中扮演硬汉。

　　⑤ 不易损坏的

　　He has a tough pair of shoes. 他有一双结实的鞋子。

　　⑥ (as) tough as old boots / (as) tough as nails 坚韧不拔;不为所动

　　6. slip

　　slip vi. 滑行;滑跤;滑落，滑掉，松脱;溜;悄悄走;

　　(时间)不知不觉地过去;

　　(健康等)变坏;下降;匆忙地穿(或脱);

　　无意中讲出;泄漏

　　n. 滑動;滑跤;失足;下降;疏忽;错误

　　slip ones mind 遗忘

　　a slip of tongue 口误

　　例句：

　　① He woke to find that his quilt had slipped off the bed. 他醒来发现被子从床上滑下来了。

　　② I didnt mean to say that： it just slipped out. 我不是有意说出来的，是无意中讲出来的。

　　③ He slipped into his coat and went out. 他迅速穿好上衣，出去了。

　　④ There has been a slip in the quality of your work. 你的工作质量有所下降。

　　⑤ Her name completely slipped my mind. 我完全忘记了她的名字。

　　7. sense

　　make sense of 理解，明白

　　make no sense 没道理，没意义

　　there is no sense in doing something 做……没意义

　　in a sense 在某一方面;就某种意义来说

　　in no sense 绝不

　　a sense of humor 幽默感

　　common sense 常识

　　come to ones senses 醒过来

　　bring sb. to his senses 使某人醒过来

　　例句：

　　① It would make sense to leave early. 早点离开是明智的。

　　② In no sense can you lie to your parents. 你绝不能向父母撒谎。

　　③ You are right in a sense， but you dont know all the facts. 某种意义上你是对的，但是你并不知情。

　　④ There is no sense in criticizing him. 批评他毫无意义。

　　8. accountant (n.) 会计，会计师

　　accountv. 说明，解释，报告

　　n. 解释、说明;账户;叙述、报道

　　account for 解释/说明是……原因; 占比例

　　on account of 因为、由于

　　on no account 绝不

　　take... into account = take account of... 对……加以考虑

　　give a vivid account of 生动地叙述……

　　open a bank account 开银行账户

　　例句：

　　① The poor weather may account for his absence from the party. 天气不好可能是他缺席晚会的原因。

　　② Students account for 35percent of our customers.学生占了我们顾客中的35%。

　　③ On no account shall we lose the awareness of protecting our environment. 我们绝不能丧失环境保护的意识。

　　④ The train was delayed on account of the bad weather. 由于糟糕的天气火车晚点。

　　⑤ I paid the money into my bank account this morning. 今天早上我把钱存入银行账户。

　　9. refer to的用法

　　① “查阅”或“参考”;

　　② “谈到”或“提到”;

　　③ “适用于”或“涉及到”。

　　例句：

　　① If you want to know his telephone number， you may refer to the telephone directory.如果你想知道他的电话号码，你可以查电话簿。

　　② Please dont refer to his past again. 请别再提他的往事了。

　　③ The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March. 战士谈到了长征时的一些经历。

　　④ These books refer to Asian problems. 这些书涉及到亚洲问题。

　　10. lead to 导致 = result in / contribute to

　　lead to (ones doing) sth. 导致，造成;通向

　　lead sb. to (sth.) 使得出(观点);引导(某人)

　　lead sb. to do sth. 带领某人做某事

　　例句：

　　① Eating too much sugar can lead to health problem. 食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。

　　② This road will lead you to the parking lot. 这条路会把你引到停车场。

　　③ The accident led to two deaths and twelve people missing. 这起事故导致两人死亡，十二人失踪。